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Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005
Basic Russian Expressions for Peace Corps Trainees
in Kazakhstan
List of tracks:
Track 1. Brief Introduction to the Russian Language and list of tracks…………… p. 2
Track 2. Russian Alphabet………………………………………………………… p. 3
Track 3a. How to greet and respond to greeting? ………………………………… p. 4
Track 3b. How to greet and respond to greeting (continued)? …………………….. p. 5
Track 4. How to ask people about themselves? How to say something about yourself?… p. 8
Track 5. How to be polite? ………………………………………………………… p. 10
Track 6. How to agree and disagree? ….……………………………………….. p. 10
Track 7. What do you say to make people pay attention to your language abilities?… p.10
Track 8. How to ask questions?…………………………..………………………… p.11
Track 9. You want to know if this or that thing is available………………………... p.11
Track 10. Can I / May I?..................................................................................…….. p.12
Track 11. How to express your wishes? ……………………………………………
p.12
Track 13. How to react to a knock on the door? ………………………………….
p.13
Track 14. How to count? ………………………………………………………….
p.13
The text accompanies the following fifteen (15) audio tracks:
• 1. KZ_Russian_Lesson_1.mp3
(Time: 3:41) (File Size: 3.38 MB)
• 2. KZ_Russian_Lesson_2.mp3
(Time: 1:48) (File Size: 1.66 MB)
• 3. KZ_Russian_Lesson_3a.mp3
(Time: 3:03) (File Size: 2.79 MB)
• 4. KZ_Russian_Lesson_3b.mp3
(Time: 5:29) (File Size: 5.03 MB)
• 5. KZ_Russian_Lesson_4.mp3
(Time: 4:37) (File Size: 4.23 MB)
• 6. KZ_Russian_Lesson_5.mp3
(Time: 1:07) (File Size: 1.02 MB)
• 7. KZ_Russian_Lesson_6.mp3
(Time: 1:07) (File Size: 1.02 MB)
• 8. KZ_Russian_Lesson_7.mp3
(Time: 1:05) (File Size: 0.99 MB)
• 9. KZ_Russian_Lesson_8.mp3
(Time: 1:31) (File Size: 1.39 MB)
• 10. KZ_Russian_Lesson_9.mp3
(Time: 2:00) (File Size: 1.84 MB)
• 11. KZ_Russian_Lesson_10.mp3
(Time: 0:54) (File Size: 844 KB)
• 12. KZ_Russian_Lesson_11.mp3
(Time: 1:11) (File Size: 1.09 MB)
• 13. KZ_Russian_Lesson_12.mp3
(Time: 0:57) (File Size: 902 KB)
• 14. KZ_Russian_Lesson_13.mp3
(Time: 0:26) (File Size: 413 KB)
• 15. KZ_Russian_Lesson_14.mp3
(Time: 4:34) (File Size: 4.19 MB)
Page 1 of 14
Track 12. How to express likes and food preferences? ……………………………..
p.12
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Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005
8 Track 1. Brief Introduction to the Russian Language:
Today Russian is still spoken by the overwhelming majority of people in the former Soviet
Union. It will be useful to learn a few phrases of courtesy, for example: to express initial
greetings, to ask about well-being of others, to introduce oneself etc.
The Russian language belongs to the Slavic group of the Indo-European language family and is
considered one of the most important world languages. Russian was the official state language
of the Soviet Union. After the disintegration of the USSR, Russian remains the state language of
Russia and it is still the language of about 200 million people, including 16 million in
Kazakhstan. Although Kazakh is the state language of Kazakhstan, Russian is the predominant
language spoken.
Russian belongs to the inflectional languages (i.e. languages in which words have endings). A
Russian word can have many different forms, and therefore not every word encountered in a
text can be found in dictionaries. Russian words that have endings are entered in the
dictionaries in a definite form. The definite form for nouns is the Nominative case singular, for
adjectives it is the Nominative case singular masculine, and for verbs – the infinitive. Adverbs,
prepositions and conjunctions are invariable.
Characteristic features of the Russian language are:
• Genders of the nouns and adjectives (masculine, feminine or neuter)
• Declension of the nouns, pronouns, adjectives, and numerals
• Conjugation of the verbs
• Aspect of the verbs
• Absenceofarticles
• Shift of stress
The Russian alphabet is comprised of 33 letters.
Stress, in Russian, can fall on any syllable in a word. One word has only one stressed syllable
which is longer than others. Usually, the stress is indicated in dictionaries.
Verbs: there are three tenses: the present, the past, and the future. All verbs also have an
aspect – imperfect and perfect.
Most local people are delighted and flattered by foreigners who attempt to speak their language.
Your efforts will be generously rewarded.
It will be useful to learn a few phrases of courtesy, for example: to express initial greetings, to
ask about well-being of others, to introduce oneself etc.
Page 2 of 14
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Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005
8 Track 2. Russian Alphabet:
Printed Name of
Letters
Approximate
English
sound equivalent
Examples Trans-
cription
English
meaning
1. Аа
ah
like “a” in “b a r” бар
[bar]
bar
2. Бб
beh
like “b” in “ ba t” босс
[boss}
boss
3. Вв
veh
like “v” in “ v oice” ванúль
[vaNEE vanilla
4. Гг
geh
like “g” in “ gr ant” грант
[grant]
grant
5. Дд
deh
like “d” in “ da y” да
[dah]
yes
6. Ее
yeh
like “ye” in “ yes ” 2
écли
[YESli] if
7. Ёё
yo
like “yo” in “ yol k” 2
ёж
[yosh]
hedgehog
8. Жж
zhe
like “zh” in журн á л
[zhoorN magazine
9. Зз
zeh
like “z” in “ z one” зóна
[ZOHna zone
10 Ии
ee
like “ee” in “m ee t” 1
мир
[meer]
peace
11
Short ee
(ee kratkoe)
like “y” in “bo y ” мой
[moi]
my
. Йй
12 Кк
kah
like “k” in “ k arate” к á ша
[KAHsha porridge
13 Лл əl y
like “l” in “ lo ok” лук
[look]
onion
14 Мм
em
like “m” in “ ma sk” м á ска
[MASka mask
15 Нн
en
like “n” in “ no t” 1
нос
[nos]
nose
16 Оо
oh
like “o” in “p o rt” 1
порт
[port]
port
17 Пп
peh
like “p” in “ pa rk” парк
[park]
park
18
.
Рр ər
like “r” in “ ro ck” рот
[rot]
mouth
19 Сс əs
like “s” in “sport” спорт
[sport] sport
20 Тт
təh
like “t” in “ t ie” там
[tam]
there
21
.
Уу
oo
like“oo” in “s oo n” суп
[soop] soup
22
.
Фф əf
like “f” in “ f ive” фáнта
[FANta] Fanta
23 Хх
kha
like “h” in “ ho bby”” хóбби
[HOhbi hobby
24
.
Цц
tsəh
like “ts” in “ca ts ” центр
[tsentr] center
25 Чч
cheh like “ch” in “ cha ir” час
[chas] hour
26 Шш
shah like “sh” in “ sho rts” шóрты
[SHORt shorts
shch y ah like
“shch”
27
.
in “ra sh
cho ice”
[scheeh
]
cabbage
soup
Щщ
щи
28
.
hard sign
(tvyordy
znak)
Indicates preceding hardness of
consonant, transcription [:];
mark which separates a hard
consonant from a soft vowel
within a word.
ъ
отъéзд
[at:YES
T]
departure
29 ы
i [hard} like "i"
in “till” ты, вы
[tyh,
you
soft sign
(myakhkii
30 ь
Indicates softness of
preceding consonant
мать,
[mat y ], mother,
Page 3 of 14
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Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005
.
znak)
(transcription [ y ])
пальтó
[pal y TO
H]
overcoat
31 Ээ ə
like "a" in "and" это
[ ƏHtah] this (is)
32 Юю
yu
like "yu" in "union" ю мор
[YOUHm humor
ya like "ya" in "yard' я
33 Яя
[ya]
I
8 Track 3a. How to greet and respond to a greeting:
A. Common greetings are the following:
ENGLISH RUSSIAN
Dialogue I.
A: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
B: - Hello!
[itih
- Здрáвствуйте!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak dihLAh]
- Как делá?
B: - Very well, thanks.
[spaSEEbah, Ochin y haraSHOH] - Спасúбо¸ óчень хорошó.
Dialogue II.
A: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
B: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak diLAH]
- Как делá?
B: - Fine.
[haraSHOH / prikRASnah]
- Хорошó! /Прекрáсно!
And you?
[A oo VAS]
А у Вас?
A: - Well, thanks.
[spahSEEbah, haraSHOH]
- Спасúбо¸ хорошó.
Dialogue III.
A: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
B: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak diLAH]
- Как делá?
B. – It’s OK. And you?
[narMAL y nah /A oo VAS]
- Нормáльно! А у Вас?
A: - Well, thanks.
[spahSEEbah, haraSHOh]
- Спасúбо¸ хорошó.
Dialogue IV.
A: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
B: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak dihLAH]
- Как делá?
B. - It’s OK, not bad.
[ii]
- Ничегó.
Dialogue V.
A: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
B: - Hello!
[itih
- Здрáвствуйте!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak dihLAH]
- Как делá?
B. - So-so.
[tk i y ]
- Тáк себé!
A: - What happened?
[shto slooCHEElas y ]
- Что случúлось?
B: - I am very tired.
[ya OOchin y oosTAhlah]
- Я óчень устáла ( female ).
Page 4 of 14
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Basic Russian Expressions Peace Corps/Kazakhstan, November 2005
Dialogue VI.
A: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
B: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak dihLAH]
- Как делá?
B. - So-so.
[tk i y ]
- Тáк себé!
A: - What happened?
[shto slooCHEElas y ]
- Что случúлось?
B: - I am very tired.
[ya OOchin y oosTAL]
- Я óчень устáл ( male ).
Dialogue VII.
A: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
B: - Hello!
[iti]
- Здрáвствуйте!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak dihLAH]
- Как делá?
B. - Bad.
[]
- Плóхо!
A: - What happened?
[shto slooCHEElas y ]
- Что случилось?
B: - I feel bad.
[ya PLOhah siB y A CHOOSTvuyu] - Я плóхо себ я чýвствую.
8 Track 3b. How to greet and respond to a greeting:
B.
1. Boys and girls of the same age use only the first name when they talk to each
other. When they greet each other they use [ZDRASTvui].
Dialogue
A: - Hello, Dimitri!
[i iitri]
- Здрáвствуй, Димúтрий!
B: - Hello, Lena!
[i y EHna]
- Здрáвствуй, Лéна!
A: - How are you (doing)?
[kak diLAH]
- Как делá?
B: – It’s OK. And you? [narMAL y nah / a OO tihBYA]
- Нормáльно! А у теб я ?
A: – It’s OK.
[r y nah / a OO tihBYA]
- Нормáльно!
2. When a young person greets a group of boys and girls or an adult s/he uses
the word [ZDRASTvuitih].
3. If you are addressing a person older than you or any adults, then use that
person’s first name and patronymic. Remember that a foreigner addressing a
local person for the first time should use this form, unless greeting a young child.
Locals do not use patronymic when addressing a foreigner, since most foreign
first names would form rather strange-sounding patronymics.
A: - Hello, Dimitri Dimitrievich!
[ZDRASTvooitih diMEETriivich]
- Здрáвствуйте, Димúтрий Димúтриевич!
B: - Hello, Yelena Mikhailovna! [ZDRASTvooitih yeL y Ehna Mikhailovna]
- Здрáвствуйте, Елéна Михáйловна!
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