debian-faq.en.pdf

TheDebianGNU/LinuxFAQ

‘Authors’onpage 71

versionCVS,18December2002

Abstract

ThisdocumentanswersquestionsfrequentlyaskedaboutDebianGNU/Linux.

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Contents

1Deﬁnitionsandoverview 1

1.1WhatisDebianGNU/Linux? ................................ 1

1.2OK,nowIknowwhatDebianis...whatisLinux?! .................... 2

1.3Whatisthisnew“Hurd”thing? ............................... 3

1.4WhatisthedifferencebetweenDebianGNU/LinuxandotherLinuxdistributions?

WhyshouldIchooseDebianoversomeotherdistribution? ............... 3

1.5HowdoestheDebianprojectﬁtinorcomparewiththeFreeSoftwareFoundation’s

GNUproject? ......................................... 4

1.6HowdoesonepronounceDebianandwhatdoesthiswordmean? ........... 4

2GettingandinstallingDebianGNU/Linux 5

2.1WhatisthelatestversionofDebian? ............................ 5

2.2Where/howcanIgettheDebianinstallationdisks? ................... 5

2.3HowdoIinstalltheDebianfromCD-ROMs? ....................... 6

2.4IhavemyownCD-writer,arethereCDimagesavailablesomewhere? ........ 6

2.5CanIinstallitfromapileofﬂoppydisks? ......................... 6

2.6CanIgetandinstallDebiandirectlyfromaremoteInternetsite? ............ 7

3Compatibilityissues

3.1Onwhathardwarearchitectures/systemsdoesDebianGNU/Linuxrun? ...... 9

3.2HowcompatibleisDebianwithotherdistributionsofLinux? .............10

3.3HowsourcecodecompatibleisDebianwithotherUnixsystems? ...........10

CONTENTS

3.4CanIuseDebianpackages(“.deb”ﬁles)onmyRedHat/Slackware/...Linuxsys-

tem?CanIuseRedHatpackages(“.rpm”ﬁles)onmyDebianGNU/Linuxsystem? 11

3.5IsDebianabletorunmyveryold“a.out”programs? ..................11

3.6IsDebianabletorunmyoldlibc5programs? .......................12

3.7CanDebianbeusedtocompilelibc5programs? .....................12

3.8HowshouldIinstallanon-Debianprogram? .......................12

3.9WhydoIget“Can’tﬁndlibX11.so.6”errorswhenItrytorun foo ? ..........13

3.10Whycan’tIcompileprogramsthatrequirelibtermcap? .................13

3.11Whycan’tIinstallAccelX? ..................................13

3.12WhydomyoldXFree2.1Motifapplicationscrash? ...................14

4SoftwareavailableintheDebiansystem 15

4.1WhattypesofapplicationsanddevelopmentsoftwareareavailableforDebian

GNU/Linux? .........................................15

4.2Whowroteallthatsoftware? ................................16

4.3HowcanIgetacurrentlistofprogramsthathavebeenpackagedforDebian? ....16

4.4WhatismissingfromDebianGNU/Linux? ........................16

4.5WhydoIget“ld:cannotﬁnd-lfoo”messageswhencompilingprograms?Why

aren’tthereanylibfoo.soﬁlesinDebianlibrarypackages? ...............16

4.6(How)DoesDebiansupportJava? .............................17

4.7HowcanIcheckthatIamusingaDebiansystem,andwhatversionisit? ......17

4.8HowdoesDebiansupportnon-Englishlanguages? ...................18

4.9WhatabouttheUSexportregulationlimitations? ....................18

4.10Whereispine? .........................................18

5TheDebianFTParchives

5.1WhatareallthosedirectoriesattheDebianFTParchives? ................19

5.2HowmanyDebiandistributionsarethereinthe dists directory? ...........20

5.3Whatareallthosenameslikeslink,potato,etc.? .....................20

5.3.1Whichothercodenameshavebeenusedinthepast? ..............20

CONTENTS

iii

5.3.2Wheredothesecodenamescomefrom? ......................20

5.4Whatabout“frozen”? .....................................21

5.5Whatabout“sid”? ......................................21

5.5.1Historicalnotesabout“sid” .............................21

5.6Whatdoesthestabledirectorycontain? ..........................22

5.7Whatdoesthetestingdirectorycontain? ..........................22

5.8Whatdoestheunstabledirectorycontain? .........................23

5.9Whatareallthosedirectoriesinside dists/stable/main ? ..............23

5.10Whereisthesourcecode? ..................................24

5.11What’sinthe pool directory? ................................24

5.12Whatis“incoming”? .....................................25

6BasicsoftheDebianpackagemanagementsystem 27

6.1WhatisaDebianpackage? ..................................27

6.2WhatistheformatofaDebianbinarypackage? .....................28

6.3WhyareDebianpackageﬁlenamessolong? .......................28

6.4WhatisaDebiancontrolﬁle? ................................29

6.5WhatisaDebianconfﬁle? ..................................30

6.6WhatisaDebianpreinst,postinst,prerm,andpostrmscript? ..............30

6.7WhatisaRequired,Important,Standard,Optional,orExtrapackage? ..........31

6.8WhatisaVirtualPackage? ..................................32

6.9WhatismeantbysayingthatapackageDepends,Recommends,Suggests,Conﬂicts,

ReplacesorProvidesanotherpackage? ............................33

6.10WhatismeantbyPre-Depends? ...............................33

6.11Whatismeantbyunknown,install,removepurgeandholdinthepackagestatus? ...34

6.12HowdoIputapackageonhold? ..............................34

6.13HowdoIinstallasourcepackage? .............................35

6.14HowdoIbuildbinarypackagesfromasourcepackage? ................36

6.15HowdoIcreateDebianpackagesmyself? .........................36

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