starogreka.pdf

The ca se- endings added to th e stem a r e : -

1 5 . The Da t ive ca s e is us e d with th e v e rb t o b e ' to

d e no t e pos\ ' lessio n : as ' 1 ' 0 u:v O pro7f ' , ,! 7 l "AOV T 6 E < T T L,

t h e man h a s

MASCULINES AND FEMININ ES.

w e a lth, li t . t h ere is w eal th to t h e man .

16. A pos s essive p r onoun in English i s g e n e ra l l y

r ende r e d simply by th e A r ticl e in G r e ek, when t h e idea

of po sse ssion i s cl ea rl y indicat e d b y th e co nt ext , an d n o

p art i cular str es s is l a id , upon it : as E~ E T6J -V ( T 1) v X( L PU, h e

stre t c h ed out his h and .

Sing ul ar .

Nom.

> o r vowe l of s t em l e n gth ene d

in comp e n s a t ion f o r the di s -

ap pea ranc e of > .

no addition or a s i n the N o m.

a or v

0 >

Vo c.

Ace.

Ge n .

Dat .

D u a l .

N . V. A . .

G. D.

P l ur.

N. V .

A c e.

G e n.

Dat .

no additi o n.

no additio n.

(i<T L V. 2. o i y W r (> EXOV< T L

TOl ,, • o v vXC:> i c r x , . upo ~ >. 3 . EV TV XW PC f - £ i <Tt ¢AEf3£> t ipy vpov .

4. 0; 7rO~ ' Te ; t T'f' K7) P VK ' ( ~ VOL t)<Tuv. 5 . 0 TWV P .V PP . . r y K W V f3{o>

7l"OAU 7 l " ovo ' >

cj, . ,5 A UKE>

£< T TLV. 6 . 0 <TTpa T LwTTj> (To . A : lnyyu o . pyvPo . v EX £l ·

7 . TY]V Au{A U7 r U o i Ep.7m po L v u w m 0 ' ; cj>of3ovv-rm. 8. 0

<T T PU TT))' O ' > 8 W pUKU > TOL > cj>v A u~ , 8{8w < T t v . 9. oi yWr £> TOL > 9 V V ~t V

o . 7 l" O Kn {VOV < T L Ta l ' r?M T Ov . 10 . TOL> ~Apu t f;[v E< T TLV E p'Y J P.O>xwpu.

1 . T he ge n eral wi t h h i s right hand ki l ls the faithle ss herald.

2 . The vul t ure has l o n g wings . 3 . T h e t e mpests w e re t he c au s e of

death to the sa i l ors. 4. The bre a stp l at e s of the g uards ar e s tron g .

5 . . The queen . is fr i en d ly to t h e g oo d h e ralds. 6 . The p o e t loves

an d pr a i ses bea u ti ful thing s . 7 . T h e t r u mpe ts giv e the s i g na l of'

bat t le f or t h e · so l d ier s . 8. Th e unwise ci t ize n s a re hos ti l e to t h e

g ua r ds. 9~ I n t he te m ples of the gods there * are golden c r own s .

1 0 . Slavery i s painf ul to the free .

2 . Sub s tantives

WI '

<T ' ( v)

1. Su bs t an t i ves of wh i c h th e Ste m s end in the G u tt u r a l

and L abial M u te s , K, " 1' X' an d 7l ", 13, ¢.

E)TEM .

. pvAiiK ,

l.L O .< T 'I"ty,

o v Vx ,

c lat a .

of which the St e ms end in th e Den t a l

E N GLI S H.

guard .

whip .

M u tes T , 8 , 8 .

S TEM .

EHGI . .ISH .

Si n g .

N . V . 0, ~ r p V A U~ ~ p . o . < T T L ~

o ovu~

~ rp A [t /J

. ry A u p . 1 T o. -> ..

l p ' S ,

s t ri fe .

' l Ta . T p 'S ,

na t ioo l a n d .

Ace.

c j>V AUK - U p . o.< TTL"1 - u

ovuX-u

cp > .. E f 3 - i 5 .

' 1 J (P ' - <;

G e n.

c j> vAuK - o > p.o.a - n "1-o>

ovuX-o>

cpA£f3 - ~

S i ng. N . V.

~ 7 r UTp[ - >

E l , - V-

7l " UTp {& - U

Dat.

cpuAuk . - '

p . a . <T n "

ov uX -'

CPA £ {3- . i .

Ace.

Au p . ' l T a . 8 - o > i P , S -o <; 7 rU T p{ 8 - 0>

Dua l .

N. V.A . cj>u> " UK - £ p . o . u n "1 -£

Gen .

OvuX-€

cj > > . . Ef3 - £

Dat.

Aup.7ra8-r

' € pt8 -L

7rUT p {& - '

G.D .

cj > vA o. K - O t V

P . U <TT { " 1 - O W

o v 6x-o w

c j > A £{3 - o Ll '

D ual . N . V . A.

A U P .7 T o . 8 -€

€ pt 8- £

7 l " U T P{ 'O - £

Plur .

N . V .

A ce.

G e n.

Da t .

G.D .

A u p .' lTo . 8- o,v

Ep {8-ow

7r U T p{& - O t V

rpV A UK - £< ;

. rpVAUK - U>

rpvA o . K -wv

c j>vA~ t ( v)

p .o.< T n" 1 - £ > OVUX - (> rp A ef3-£ < ;

p . o .<T n "1 - u> ovuX-u> cj > > . . E f 3 - c J s

p .a< T T{ "1- wv ovV X - wv rpA(f3 - ii J¥ .

p . o . < TT t~ t v) OVU~t ( v ) CPA€ I / J {(v)

Pl u r. N. v:

Aup . 'l T o.8 - a s

;p , 8 ~ « ;

7 r U T p {& - £ < ;

. Ace.

€p t 8-u>

7r U Tpl O - ut;

Gen .

A U P . 'lTa . 8 - wv

Ep{8 - WV

7 l " U T p{ & - WV

D a t .

A u p . 7 l " o. - <Tt(

E p'- < n( v)

7rUTp{ - < T L( v)

N OTE . - I n the No m . Sin g. an d D a t. PI . I C S, " IS, X S, f orm th e d o ub le

l ette r ~; " "s, f 3 s, < J> s , form t he d o u b l e l e t ter 0/. S ee p . 2.

c 2

1 . r f j {3U <TI ) .. £ !Cf - 7 l "L<TTOt

A a . • • 1 T 1 i8 ,

to r ch .

A up . 'l T o . 8 -i5 .

Au p . 7l"o . 8-£>

NOTEI . -Th e dent o . ls ar e dropp e d befo r e s: he nc e Nom. Sin g .

A o. P."'rJ. -S, not l c a p. 7rao-s ; D at. PI . " "p.7r c f-,n, no t "" P . ." al i ' lTl .

2 . - I n v{j~ , V U K T - OS , nig h t, t he s tem i s VU KT, but th e T i n the N o m.

Sing. a n d Da . t. P I . is d ropp e d b e fore s , and KS bec o me ~ ; h e nc e No m.

S i n g. V{ , ~= V UK- S = V " I <T-S; D a t. P I . "U ~( =VU K -O" t= V V I< T -O "t. . .

3 . - Dent al nou !:" e n din ~ in IS , wh e n n o t ~cce nt e d o n th e last syll a ble ,

m a k e Ac e . Sl l lg . m - v, a s <p I S a b ove; 8 0 X"p ' S, gr ace , S te m Xo . ptT Ace.

S i ng . Xap l V. OPVIS, bid , S tem i! p v , B, mak e s Aco. S i n g. i5 p v , v ( ; a r e ly

i!pvtBo.), Nom. P I . i 5 pvl B es or OpVfl S , A ce . PI . i 5p vlB a s or i! pV E l s .

4 . - ' - ApT E i - 'ts, Ar t e m is, T Up "VV !s , tyr a n n y, . "o . lS, bo y, lllak e in V oe. Sin g .

"Ap T € Jl . l, TupavV{ t T a L . .

. 5 . -De n t a l n o u ns end i ng in tS ar e f e m i nine, i n w S m a sc ul ine . I J p VI S

IS co= o n, b u t g e nerally r a nk s as masculine .

NO T E I . -VT ar e dropped b e for e s , a nd i i is le n g th e n e d int o ii , 0 int o

O l J: h ence N o m . Sin g . 1'i1 ' ii-s, not 1 ' t1'' ' V T - S ; Dat . P I . 1 ' [1'0 . - 0" 1, n o t

")'t -y "V T- " ' ; No m. Si n g . "oo{ , - s , not "OO UT- S; Da t. PI . o o o ;; " "t , n o t

O O,vr -O' " L .

2. - A ll n o uns of t h is cla ss a r e mascu lin e .

E XE R C I S E XII .

p €jL r pera£ , ( h e ) bl ames .

j L € j L r pov r aL, ( t h e y ) blame .

i] O ET a L, ( h e) d e lights in

i]o ovT a £ , (the y ) d e l ig h t in .

(go v . da t i ve).

1 . EV TV ' E AA o . O L . .•.• 0 . a ya Bo, apx o V T E, ro l :, 7 r O A tT O JS ~VOL :r yuu v .

EXE F .cr SE XI .

1 . 0 a . vBpw rro, ry v rrp oo o 7TI' r1 ) ' > rra T p{o o , . 2. O t 1 ' w v op vLBwv

O VUX€' d u £ v Lu xv p ot. 3 . TO L, UTpa n W r aL '> OV TE j Lo. x a £p a L OWE

a . U7 ! "{ O < ' >ELuLv . 4 . O t K ~PVK E '> aya(}as EA7 r LOa, (ip~V7 J '> € XOVCT L .

5 . a t j LaKpa . 1 . V V K7" ( , lnr O T W V yE w pyW V O U K E7raLVOl :J v-ra . ; . 6 . 1]

{3a u L A E L a BavjL at( l . T~V TWV a cn r {owv Aa j L 7 r p O T7J-r a. . 7 . T O LV

7ra{ o oL v Op V LV o ' aO E A rp O'> OLO WU£V. 8 . TO . x a A mo . Ot a v(}pW7ro £ OU

rptt .. OU C T L v. 9. Ot fr r panWTa L TOI : , 7raLULV dUL r pLAW r . . 10 . at

A a j L7ra O ei TOI : , r p V A~L V iju av XP7JUTaL.

1 . The yOUllg m en h ave l o n g sh i elds . . 2 . Em pty h o p es . a r e t he

b eg i n ning o f l oss. 3. T he faithfu l s l av e lo ves hi s m a s t e r ' s child re n.

4 . Th e bird s fe a r the te m p e st. . 5. Th e g olde n tor c he s are given by

the ci t i zens t o th e god s . 6. T h e betrayers of t he he ra ld a r e

p u ni s hed b y d eat h . 7 . B ra very is the ca u se ' o f ho n ou r to so ld i e rs .

8 : T h e go o d c iti z en s pr a i s e t h e ir n a t i v e - land . 9 . B r e a stpl a tes a nd

shiel ds are the we a pon s of soldie r s . 10. T he qu ee n does not praise

th e str ife of the t w o- ge n e r a l s .

3. Sub s tantiv es of w hi c h th e St e ms en d in U VT, OI l T" .

STEM.

2 . o. 7r a I : OES T « l K a A<[J a vopLaVT£ ~o ovru £ . 3. 0 A VKO , TOL> OO OVUt

T O V i' 7r7J " OY a7J " OKTEtV E L . 4 - . ot yLyavTE, !} u av EXBpO' TOI:, > B E G ls .

5 . 7] ( 3aut A wJ . E U T£ rpt t. . La T O l , uo rpo l'i y€p o uu£ . 6 . 8 t T V EP ~ J L'f

XWP?- A € OVTE> f] u av . 7 . 0 uT pa T "Y ) yo, ~ v { 3p a ov - rij - r a T WV

crTpanwTwv jL£fL e p aat. 8 . oi r p - vAa KE> 7 " 0 1:, a pxo uu tV E l c r£ mUT O L .

9 ""

• 7 Jo~ v r: a t OL ~vopn o £ TIJ u v opnq . .

' , , , ~

~ , '"

• T O . , U K oT Hv a ,> Vl J KTU'i O £

A Y1UTaL E1ra tVOV CT t.

1 . In the te m p l e th e r e a r e b e autif u l s t at u es . 2. Th e ph il os oph e r

bl am e s th e st rife o f th e citi ze n s. 3. Li o n s h ave s tr o n g teet h a nd

c laws. 4. Th e chi ldr e n a re loved by t he o l d m en . 5. T he r u l e r s

h a v e hopes o f p eac e. 6 . The yo u ng men ki l l t he li o n w ith t h e ir

swo r ds . 7 . The s oldiers deli g ht i n th e bri l l i an ce of t he arm s .

8 . T he ea rth g i ves fo o d both t o e l e ph an ts a nd l ion s. 9 . They

ad m ire t he s t at u e of the wise poet . 10 . T he g i ants we r e ch ild re n

of the g od s.

4 . Subst a nti ve s of which th e St e ms e nd I n t h e liquids

A, p.

S T EM .

M .,

9 - r)p,

P TI T O P,

!' - "J T.p,

" y ' yO-vr,

cl So vr,

M O VT,

E N OUSH .

H alt.

wild b e ast .

u rat or .

m ot h e r.

E N GL IS H. .

giant .

t oo th.

lion .

o o o o u - S" o A(WV

Sing .

Nom . a a . A . - I i

S i ng. . N o m .

O yL ya.-,

o B~p

o P o /w p

~ f L - !r nJP

0 0 01 ; '"

Vo e .

A E OV

ytya . -'i

Voe . c iA-,

B~p

pr,r o p

jLijT E p

A c e.

yL y UVT - a.

oOo V T - a

A€Ovr-a.

Ac e. c iA-a

Oijp - a

p%p - a

J L o/€P - U

' ,

A(ovr - O<;

& . A-a,

G en.

yL ya . V T - O'

O OOV T- O '>

Ge n.

Ow - a ' >

P7JT Op - O ' >

J L "YJ " TP- o , >

AEOVT-I.

& . A '

y { yavr-I.

O oa VT - 1.

Dat.

D a t.

-£

°7JP-L

MT O p-£

fL " YJ" T P-L

Dual . N . V.A .

yL y UV T- (

o06v r- (

A€Ovr-E

D\tal .

N. V . A . aA - (

G . IJ.

Y L y 6 . vr - OLV

O OO vr- O LV

A€ O VT-O£V

Or;p - E

po/ O p-E

JL " Y J " T £p-E

P lur .

N. Y.

yL y UVT - (,

OOOvr-E ,

A(OVT - E<;

G.D .

& . A - ol: v

()7Jp- ol : v

P"YJ"Tap - O LV

jL 7 JT£p- O tV

Ac e .

yty a vT-aS

oOOV T- a , >

A (OVT - aS

G e n.

' ,tyaVT - wv

ooovr-w v

' . A( O VT-WV

Dat ..

y t yii-u£ ( v)

ooot r - m (v)

A€Ov-<n(v)

1 0'

, . .

STEM. OA,

EN G LISlI . salt .

Pl u r .

, N V . CIA- € , 8 - r j p -€ , Mrop - €, fL 1 JT ':P - €'

Ac e . CIA - as B -r jp - u , P - f r r op-u, fL1 JT ': P - gS

Gen . o.A. -WV 6Y J p-wv P1 JT op - wv f L1 J T ': P - wV

Da t . d.A . -a- [( v) 6Y J p-a - { ( v ) M r o p - a- t ( v) f L 1 J Tp i i - rn ( V}

NO T E I . -St e m s en din g in p d o n o t a dd s to fo r m t he N o m . S i ng.,

': : ut th e pr ece ding v o w e l, if n ot a l r eady l o n g , i s l e n g th e n e d i n CO l l i -

pe nsati on : a s P'lTOp,N o m . p · frr w p : I'-'lT £P,N om . J .l :frr · qp.

2 . - - .rari)p, fath ~, fL i)r 7lP, mothe r, 8u- y dr7 l p, da 1J ght " , ., n y arr ri ) p , b e lly ,

drop

P'lT O P,

orator.

" 17. The t i m e w i t h in which anything ta . k e s place is d e -

no t e d by the Geniti v e: as V U K T O" o r rYj , VlJKTO" b y ni g ht "

X ELf LW V O', in wi n t e r. This i s called ' Indefinite Ti me when . '

. E X ERCI S E X III .

I CUT€<] ' (} { " , (he) devow·s .

. ¢Of3€L, (he) t errifi e s.

K a T E a- e[ o ucn( v), ( t h e y) d e vo u r.

¢of 3 ovrn (v) , ( th e y ) t en · i Jy .

i n Gen. a nd Dat. S in g. an d in the D a t . Pl . , whi c h e nd s i n

a c "' . a'TT f > p, s tar, makcs a c n E p o" a rr r E pc in G en. a n d Da t . Si n g., l't rr r pa c n

in Dat. PI .

3. -S te ms in p , wh e n p i s pr ece d e d by a s hort vow e l and th e word

is n ot a ccent e d on th e l a s t sy ll ab l e, kee p t he s bort v ow e l i n the V oc .

S ing ., a s fLTJT E p a bov e ; when tb e l as t s y ll a bl e i s acc e nt e d, th e V o c . i l l

t h e s a m e a s the N o m. , e x cept in 7 r a - r i) p, w hi c h m a k e s V o c . - rr a r E p,

St e m s in p, when p is preced ed b y a l o ng- v owe l , keep th e l o ng v o w e l in

th e V oc . Sin g .; but r r wr - !: p, d e l ivt " e r , Gen . r r w r TJPo s , mak e s Voc . r rwnp.

1 . -Most no u ns in T I P and w p ar e m as culin e .

1. OL iUXUpol L7 r 7fOL r e f a y w v L ,'J O O v r U L. 2 . OL "EAA ' I 7 VE> ~ a -uv

~ m TOt, p ~ r o pa - L V. 3. VUKTOc; OL B - rjp€<; T OV, y€W p yov< ; q,of3 o v a-t .

4. T] f L - frr ' l7 P ( } uv f L6 . '€L r a , K n A a , Bu yU T€ P U <; . 5 . . 0 1 CTTpunWrut

7'OV 8€ LA OV .r y - Y€ f Lova fL':fL¢ovru L . 6. 01 cJ . C T T':PE, T O L , vaV T a t,

)(P1 7 CTT O [ € L a w . 7 . 01 a . yaBoL 7ru, 8€ , f7faL Y O V V T aL i n r o TOV 7rurp o <;.

8 . 01 MTOpE> OUK ~ CT U V rYj <; 7ra T p[ 8 0, a - wr - rjpE>. 9. 01 fL , ) P fL ' I7 KE -;

r a . r ou Mv8pov ¢VA A U Kuna - B [ ovm ; 10. 01 ay u (} o [ €l C Ttv ElKOV€ S

. ' to v ®£O v . 11 . ot f36.pPa . p O t CTe r ov K U L ( f , \os ~€vCP O t OOUCTL V .

1 . In wi n ter the ni g h t s are l on g . 2 . The m o ther g i ves gifts to

her d a ughters . 3 . The P e r s ians w e r e n o t f ri e n dl y to th e Greeks.

4. The vulture h a s a long neck . 5 . T h e shepherds a re ho s tile to

the wi l d - b ea sts. 6 . The husband me n blam e th e w i nte r an d the sn o w .

7. The citizell8 . g i ve a . golden bowl to Apollo . 8 . The m:a . st e r

terr i fie s h i s s l aves w i th the l ash . 9. In the d ese rt i s l and there a r e

good h a r boU r s. 1 0 . The h ares devour the p lants b y night . 1 1. The

yo u ng men ad m i r e t he foo l ish word s of the o rator. 1 2 . The poe ts

p ra i se Apollo and Artem i s .

6. S u bstantives of w h ic h th e St e ms e nd in the vowel s ,

and u.

STEM.

ENG LIS H.

S TEM.

ENGLISH.

Sing.N. V.

Ace .

G e n .

Dat .

Dual . N . V . A.

G . D.

P lu r . N . V.

Ace.

G e n.

D a t .

N O TEl .- In

b e f o re •.

2.- S t e m s i n v r a r e l y add • to f o rm th e N o m . S in g., but t h e pr€ . > .

c e d ing vow e l , i f not a l r e ady long, is l e n g then e d in ccmpens a tio n ,

as in n y . p.wv o . boyc . But a f c w st e m s in v add s, l ik e OEA e pl . : a l so ' I

pI" no s e (St e m . pw ) .

3 . -St e ms in v have th e sam e f o rm for No m. and Voc . Sing . : but

'A - rroAAwv, Apo l lo, and rI orr • • owv, Po s e,:drm, make V o c.• A7roAAov,

n ocmoov . They a l so make A c e . Sing. 'AtrOAAW( r ar. ' A7 r OAAwva):

l l o r r£ c ow(rar . l l ocT£ c owv a ) .

1 . - Nouns i n 7/ V a re masc. exce p t epp - ryv, . p p, v,h, f er n. , h eart . T ho se

i n wv -wvo s a r e masc., those in w v -o va. fern. , wit h a fe w m asc.

' EAA'l v,

Gre e k .

o "E AA 'I7V

"EAAYJV - U

"EA A 1 J V-O'

"EAA' I7 V- L

"E AA ' I7 V - €

'EAA~V - O L V

"EA A ' I7 V '€ '

" EAA' I7 v- u,

'EA A ~V - WV

"EA A ' )- CT L ( V)

t;~ e D a t . P I. th e

o Y j Y€fLW V

T]y€ fL OV - a

T]y€ f LOV - O '>

T]y€ f LOV -t

T]y€ p. OV - €

T ] y€fLOV - O L V

T]y€ f LOV~E>

7 / Y€f L OV-U,

T]y€p . ov-wv

T ] y€ fL O - CT t ( v)

fi n o . l v of the

8 v . .cp w,

dol p hin .

o ' & A rPL,

O€A¢'V - a

'& Aq , l V - O c;

3€ A. q , 'V -L

O€ Aq" V -€

O€ A q, [ V - O L V

o€ A q " v - E>

3i A. q"v - u,

O€ A q , [V - W V

O E A . q,'-a-L(V)

St e m i s d r o pped .

1I '0 A L ,

cit y .

S i ng .

Nom.

Yj 7 f O> "L -S

0, "I , crv - <;

b ~X U - s

Voc .

?toA L

CTU

7f' I ]X V

Ace.

7rOA .L -V

o - i J- v

7f - r j )( l J - ll

Gen.

7 r OA . .: - w<;

di i - o s -

~XE - WS

f lat .

7 fOA( - L

<Tu - l

~X . €~

D u al .

N. V. A . .

7 f ' I ] XE L

7r6> .. «

o - 6 - E

G . D.

1 T O >.. £ . OW

m;-OlV

1l '' 7X£-O L V

Plu r.

N. V.

1T'OAns

oi5 - €c;

7f~ X€ LS

Ac e .

7fOA . EL < ;

o - iJ ,

~X €L ,

Gen.

1 T 'O A. €-wv ·

m ;c c : ;,v

~X €'w v

f l at .

7 r O' \ € - CTt(v)

m ; -a - [(v )

~X€ - C Tt( V)

NO T E .l . - $ ey . e ral o f

t hes e forms are c o ntracted, as ll "6 ; \€,( D at . )

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