Learning Maya 2.5.pdf

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00a.cover.Maya
Learning
Maya
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L
EARNING
M
AYA
2
1999, Alias|Wavefront, a division of Silicon Graphics Limited.
Printed in U S A, All rights reserved.
Education Publishing Group:
Steve Christov, Deion Green, Bob Gundu, Robert Magee, Elizabeth Mastrotucci, Carla Sharkey
Special thanks to:
Padmé Amidala, Don Chong, Bruce Darrell, Dallas Good, Shawn Dunn, Haskell Friedman, Alan Harris,
Steve Hinan, Lincoln Holme, Jill Jacob, Lisa Kelly, Nicholas Li, Cory Mogk, Remko Noteboom, Alan Opler,
Lorna Saunders, Jason Ungerman
The following are trademarks of Alias|Wavefront, a division of Silicon Graphics Limited:
Advanced Visualizer™
Alias PowerTracer™
Explore™
Maya™ PowerModeler
Alias®
Alias QuickRender™
Kinemation™
Maya™ Unlimited
Alias Metamorph™
Alias QuickShade™
Maya™ Artisan
SuperConductors™
Alias MotionSampler™
Alias QuickWire™
Maya™ Cloth
Wavefront™
Alias MultiFlip™
Alias RayCasting™
Maya™ Complete
Wavefront Composer™
Alias Natural Phenomena™
Alias RayTracing™
Maya™ Fur
Wavefront Composerlite™
Alias OpenModel™
Alias SDL™
Maya™ Fusion
Wavefront IPR™
Alias OpenRender™
Alias ShapeShifter™
Maya™ F/X
Wavefront MediaStudio™
Alias OptiF/X™
Alias StudioPaint™
Maya™ Invigorator
Wavefront 3Design™
Alias OpenRender™
Conductors™
Maya™ Live
ZaP!iT™
Alias PowerAnimator™
Dynamation™
Maya™ MEL
Maya is a trademark of Silicon Graphics, Inc. exclusively used by Alias|Wavefront, a division of Silicon Graphics
Limited.
Microsoft and Windows NT are registered trademarks of Microsoft Corporation in the United States and/or other
countries. Graph Layout Toolkit Copyright „ 1992-1996 Tom Sawyer Software, Berkeley, California, All Rights Reserved.
All other product names mentioned are trademarks or registered trademarks of their respective holders.
This document contains proprietary and confidential information of Alias|Wavefront, Inc. and is protected by Federal
copyright law. The contents of this document may not be disclosed to third parties, translated, copied, or duplicated in
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The information contained in this document is subject to change without notice. Neither Alias|Wavefront, Inc. nor its
employees shall be responsible for incidental or consequential damages resulting from the use of this material or liable
for technical or editorial omissions made herein.
A
LIAS
|W
AVEFRONT
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210 K
ING
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TREET
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AST
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T
ORONTO
, C
ANADA
M5A 1J7
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C
ONTENTS
C
ONTENTS
Learning Maya 2 ............................................. 3
How to use this book . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
What you should already know . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Computer hardware . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
IRIX and Windows NT . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Maya packaging . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Installing tutorial files . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 4
Understanding Maya...................................... 5
The user interface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Working in 3D . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
UV coordinate space . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 6
Views . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Cameras . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 7
Image planes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
THE DEPENDENCY GRAPH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Nodes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 8
Attributes . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Connections . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9
Pivots . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
Hierarchies . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 10
MEL scripting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
ANIMATING IN MAYA . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Keyframe animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 11
Path animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Reactive animation . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 12
Dynamics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 13
MODELING IN MAYA. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NURBS curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
NURBS surfaces . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 14
Polygons . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15
Construction history . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
DEFORMATIONS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Lattices . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
Sculpt objects . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 16
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Clusters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
CHARACTER ANIMATION . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Skeletons and joints . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Inverse kinematics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17
Single chain solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Rotate plane solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
IK spline solver . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 18
Skinning your characters . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Flexors . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
RENDERING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Shading groups . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Texture maps . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 19
Lighting . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Motion blur . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
Hardware rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 20
A-buffer rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Raytrace rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
How the renderer works . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
IPR . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 22
Project One..................................................25
Lesson 1: Bouncing a Ball..........................27
Setting up Maya . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
Creating a new project . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 28
BUILDING OBJECTS. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Creating the ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 29
Moving the ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 30
Create a floor surface . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 32
Create a Ring . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 33
Viewing the scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 34
Setting display options . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 35
ANIMATING THE BALL . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Setting keys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 36
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39
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Lesson 2: Adding Character.......................41
Refining the animated channels . . . . . . . . . . . . . 42
Cleaning up your curves . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 44
SQUASH AND STRETCH . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Adding a squash deformer . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 46
Animate the squash . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 48
Bending the ball . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 50
Editing timing . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 52
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 54
Lesson 3: Rendering ....................................55
Hiding the general UI . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 56
Hotkeys . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 57
SHADING GROUPS . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
The Hypershade panel . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Creating a shading group . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 58
Creating a texture map . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 59
Creating a ball material . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 62
Positioning the texture . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 63
LIGHTING . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Placing a spot light . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 64
Rendering the scene . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 68
Rendering animations . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 69
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 71
Lesson 4: Particles .....................................73
Project set-up . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Ring of Fire . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 74
Sparks . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 76
Designing the look of the sparks . . . . . . . . . . . . 78
Rendering Particles . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Software rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 80
Hardware rendering . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 82
Conclusion . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 84
Lesson 5: Working with Maya .....................85
The Workspace . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 85
Layouts . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 86
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