Writing Skills.pdf

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Yerevan State Linguistic University after V. Brusov
Writing Skills
Compiled by Samvel Karapetyan
Yerevan – 2006
“Lingua”
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ï»ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³ÙµÇáÝÇ ÏáÕÙÇó:
¶ 874 ¶ñ³íáñ ËáëùÇ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÇ ½³ñ·³óÙ³Ý Ó»éݳñÏ -
Writing Skills – A textbook for students of Yerevan State
Linguistic University after V. Brusov . γ½ÙáÕ` ê³Ùí»É
γñ³å»ïÛ³Ý, -ºñ.: §ÈÇÝ·í³¦, 2006, 103 ¿ç:
4602020102
0134(01) - 2006
2006Ã.
¶Ø¸ 81.2 ²Ý·É
ISBN 99930-79 -74 -x
© §ÈÇÝ·í³¦, 2006Ã.
ܳ˳µ³Ý
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ÝÇ »ñ»ù µ³ÅÇÝ:
²é³çÇÝ µ³ÅÝáõÙ ½»ï»Õí³Í »Ý ³Ý·É»ñ»ÝÇ áõÕÕ³·ñáõÃÛ³-
ÝÁ í»ñ³µ»ñíáÕ ÝÛáõûñ:
ºñÏñáñ¹ µ³ÅÝáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í »Ý ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛ³Ý ³Ûë
ϳ٠³ÛÝ ³Ý¹³ÙÝ ³í»ÉÇ ³ñï³Ñ³Ûïã³Ï³Ý ¹³ñÓÝ»Éáõ ÙÇçáóÝ»ñÁ,
å³ñ½ ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ Çñ³ñ ϳå³Ïó»Éáõ Ó¨»ñÁ, ³Ý³-
í³ñï ݳ˳¹³ëáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ ï³ñµ»ñ³Ï»Éáõ ϳÝáÝÝ»ñÁ, áõñÇßÇ
ËáëùÁ í»ñ³å³ïÙ»Éáõ ¨ ٻ絻ñ»Éáõ ÑÙïáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñÁ:
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Ò»éݳñÏÇ µáÉáñ µ³ÅÇÝÝ»ñÁ ѳ·»ó³Í »Ý µ³½Ù³ÃÇí ½³-
ݳ½³Ý í³ñÅáõÃÛáõÝÝ»ñáí ¨ ³é³ç³¹ñ³ÝùÝ»ñáí, ÇëÏ ·ñùÇ í»ñ-
çáõÙ Ý»ñϳ۳óí³Í ѳí»ÉÛ³É ÝÛáõûñÁ ϳñáÕ »Ý û·ï³·áñÍí»É
¹³ë³í³Ý¹Ù³Ý ÁÝóóùáõÙ Áëï Ýå³ï³Ï³Ñ³ñÙ³ñáõÃÛ³Ý:
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Contents
Lesson 1. Section 1. Spelling: English Syllables…………………….... 5
Section 2. Sentence Structure. Emphasis in Writing.
10
Section 3. Writing Practice. Reproduction Writing …………. 12
Lesson 2. Section 1. Spelling: Consonant Doubling…………….……. 15
Section 2. Sentence Structure. Emphasis in Writing………… 19
Section 3. Writing Practice. Unfinished Stories……………... 21
Lesson 3 . Section 1. Spelling: Mute Final e. Final – y and its
Modifications. Diagraphs -ei- and -ie-……. …………...……
23
Section 2. Sentence Structure. Emphasis in Writing
28
Section 3. Writing Practice. Unfinished Stories ………..……. 30
Lesson 4. Section 1. Spelling: Silent Consonants……………...……… 31
Section 2. Sentence Structure. Parallel structures.
Appositives. Absolute participial construction ………………
37
Section 3. Writing Practice.Composition Technique.
Description ………………..………………………………….
41
Lesson 5. Section 1. Spelling: Diagraphs -gu-, -qu-, -ch-, -ph-…...….. 43
Section 2. Sentence Structure………….…………………..… 49
53
Lesson 6. Section 1. Spelling: Suffixes -en, -ness, -er, -or ………...…. 55
Section 2. Sentence Structure. Sentence Fragments …...……. 58
Section 3. Writing Practice.Composition Technique.
Character Setting …………………………………..………...
62
65
Section 2. Paragraph Structure…….…………………………. 69
Section 3. Writing Practice.Composition Writing…...…...….. 72
Lesson 8. Section 1. Spelling: Suffixes -ous, -eous, -ious, -uous.
Prefixes en-, in-, de-, dis-……………………………….…….
76
Section 2. Paraphrase: Write it in your Own Words ………… 80
Section 3. Writing Practice.Composition Writing……..…….. 83
Lesson 9. Section 1. Spelling: Homophones …………………...……... 85
Section 2. Quoting, Paraphrasing, and Summarizing ……….. 90
Section 3. Writing Practice.Composition Writing…………… 93
Supplementary Material ……………………..….………………….... 96
4
Variations in sentence openings…………….……………...…
Inversion. Cleft Sentences………………………..…..….……
Section 3. Writing Practice.Composition Technique.
Character Sketch …………………..…………………………
Lesson 7. Section 1. Spelling: Suffixes -able, -ible, -ant, ance, -ent,
-ence, -ency …………………………………………….……...
Lesson 1
Section 1. Spelling: English Syllables
A. The First Type of Syllable. Vowel letters in English are
pronounced according to their position in the word, i.e. according to
the type of syllable they form. Traditionally there are four types of
syllables. The first, the open syllable, may consist of:
1. consonant + vowel: go, me, by ;
2. consonant + vowel + consonant (except r ) + silent e : take,
Pete, like, tone, tune ;
In the open syllable the pronunciation of vowel letters (except
y ) coincides with their alphabetical definition: a /ei/, e /i:/, i and y
/ai/, o /ou/, u /ju:/; however, these same sounds may be represented
by other means, i.e. other combinations of letters, and in different
position:
/ei/ represented by a) ai (in the middle of the word) or ay
(when final): main, rain, may, ray; b) ea : break, great, steak; c)
eigh : neighbour, weigh, freight; d) a followed by nge, ste : range,
strange, haste, paste; e) ei (in the middle of the word) or ey (when
final): veil, vein, grey, prey ;
/i:/ represented by a) ee : sleep, meet, keep; b) ea: sea, leaf,
lean; c) ie: chief, brief, belief; d) ei: receive, perceive, seize ;
/ai/ represented by a) i before mb, nd, ld : mind, mild, kind,
climb, child; b) igh : sigh, night, playwright; c) uy : buy, guy ;
/ou/ represented by a) oa : coat, toast, road; b) o before ld, st :
cold, told, post, ghost; c) ou: shoulder, poultry, soul; d) ow : know,
sow, low; also remember : sew.
/ju:/ or /u:/ represented by ui : suit, bruise, cruise; /ju:/
represented by a) ew : new, few, dew; b) eu : neutral, pneumonic; /u:/
represented by oo : soon, pool, tool ;
Exercise 1 . Write the following words in spelling. If there are two ways of
expressing the vowel sound, give both variants, translating the words into
Armenian.
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