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Dedication

This book is dedicated to all who teach peace and

resist violence.

Preface

There have been many changes in the world of web programming with JavaScript

since the third edition of this book was published, including:

! Second and third editions of the ECMA-262 standard have been published,

updating the core JavaScript language. Conformant versions of Netscape's

JavaScript interpreter and Microsoft's JScript interpreter have been released.

! The source code for Netscape's JavaScript interpreters (one written in C and one

written in Java ) has been released as open source and is available to anyone

who wants to embed a scripting language in his application.

! The World Wide Web Consortium (W3C) has published two versions (or levels)

of a Document Object Model (DOM) standard. Recent browsers support this

standard (to varying degrees) and allow client-side JavaScript to interact with

document content to produce sophisticated Dynamic HTML (DHTML) effects.

Support for other W3C standards, such as HTML 4, CSS1, and CSS2, has also

become widespread.

! The Mozilla organization, using source code originally contributed by Netscape,

has produced a good fifth-generation browser. At the time of this writing, the

Mozilla browser is not yet at the 1.0 release level, but the browser is mature

enough that Netscape has based its 6.0 and 6.1 browsers upon the Mozilla code

base.

! Microsoft's Internet Explorer has become the overwhelmingly dominant browser

on desktop systems. However, the Netscape/Mozilla browser remains relevant to

web developers, especially because of its superior support for web standards. In

addition, minor browsers such as Opera ( http://www.opera.com ) and Konquerer

( http://www.konqueror.org ) should be seen as equally relevant.

! Web browsers (and JavaScript interpreters) are no longer confined to the desktop

but have migrated to PDAs and even cell phones.

In summary, the core JavaScript language has matured. It has been standardized and is

used in a wider variety of environments than it was previously. The collapse of

Netscape's market share has allowed the universe of desktop web browsers to expand,

and JavaScript-enabled web browsers have also become available on non-desktop

platforms. There has been a distinct, if not complete, move toward web standards. The

(partial) implementation of the DOM standard in recent browsers gives web developers a

long-awaited vendor-independent API to which they can code.

What's New in the Fourth Edition

This edition of JavaScript: The Definitive Guide has been thoroughly updated in light of

the changes I just described. Major new features include complete coverage of JavaScript

1.5 and the third edition of the ECMA-262 standard on which it is based, and complete

coverage of the Level 2 DOM standard.

Throughout the book, the focus has shifted from documenting particular JavaScript and

browser implementations ( JavaScript 1.2, Netscape 4, Internet Explorer 5, etc.) to

documenting the standards upon which those implementations are (or ought to be) based.

Because of the proliferation of implementations, it is no longer practical for any one book

to attempt to document -- or for any one developer to attempt to understand -- every

feature, proprietary extension, quirk, and bug of every implementation. Focusing on the

specifications instead of the implementations makes this book easier to use and, if you

take the same approach, will make your JavaScript code more portable and maintainable.

You'll particularly notice the increased emphasis on standards in the new material on core

JavaScript and the DOM.

Another major change in this edition is that the reference section has been split into three

distinct parts. First, the core JavaScript material has been separated from the client-side

JavaScript material ( Part IV ) and placed in a section of its own ( Part III ). This division is

for the convenience of JavaScript programmers who are working with the language in an

environment other than a web browser and who are not interested in client-side

JavaScript.

Second, the new material documenting the W3C DOM has been placed in a section of its

own ( Part V ), separate from the existing client-side JavaScript material. The DOM

standard defines an API that is quite distinct from the "legacy" API of traditional client-

side JavaScript. Depending on the browser platforms they are targeting, developers

typically use one API or the other and usually do not need to switch back and forth.

Keeping these two APIs distinct also preserves the organization of the existing client-side

reference material, which is convenient for readers of the third edition who upgrade to

this edition.

In order to accommodate all the new material without making the book much, much

larger, I've gotten rid of reference pages for the trivial properties of objects. These

properties are already described once on the reference page for the object, and putting

another description in a reference page of its own was redundant and wasteful. Properties

that require substantial description, as well as all methods, still have reference pages of

their own. Furthermore, the design wizards at O'Reilly have created a new interior design

for the book that remains easy and pleasant to read but takes up less space.

Conventions Used in This Book

I use the following formatting conventions in this book:

Bold

Is occasionally used to refer to particular keys on a computer keyboard or to

portions of a user interface, such as the Back button or the Options menu.

Italic

Is used for emphasis and to signify the first use of a term. Italic is also used for

email addresses, web sites, FTP sites, file and directory names, and newsgroups.

Finally, italic is used in this book for the names of Java classes, to help keep Java

class names distinct from JavaScript names.

Constant width

Is used in all JavaScript code and HTML text listings, and generally for anything

that you would type literally when programming.

Constant width italic

Is used for the names of function arguments, and generally as a placeholder to

indicate an item that should be replaced with an actual value in your program.

Finding the Examples Online

The examples printed in this book are available for download from the book's web site.

Follow the Examples link from the book's catalog page:

http://www.oreilly.com/catalog/jscript4/

Acknowledgments

Brendan Eich of the Mozilla organization is the originator and chief innovator of

JavaScript. I, and many JavaScript developers, owe Brendan a tremendous debt of

gratitude for developing JavaScript and for taking the time out of his crazy schedule to

answer our questions and even solicit our input. Besides patiently answering my many

questions, Brendan also read and provided very helpful comments on the first and third

editions of this book.

This book has been blessed with top-notch technical reviewers, whose comments have

gone a long way toward making it a stronger, more accurate book. Waldemar Horwat at

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