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X9C102/103/104/503.Fm
A
PPLICATION
N
OTE
A V A I L A B L E
AN20 • AN42–53 • AN71 • AN73 • AN88 • AN91–92 • AN115
Terminal Voltages ±5V, 100 Taps
X9C102/103/104/503
Digitally-Controlled (XDCP) Potentiometer
FEATURES
DESCRIPTION
• Solid-State Potentiometer
• Three-Wire Serial Interface
• 100 Wiper Tap Points
—Wiper Position Stored in Nonvolatile Memory
and Recalled on Power-up
• 99 Resistive Elements
—Temperature Compensated
—End to End Resistance, ±20%
—Terminal Voltages, ±5V
• Low Power CMOS
—V
The X9Cxxx are Xicor digitally-controlled (XDCP)
potentiometers. The device consists of a resistor array,
wiper switches, a control section, and nonvolatile
memory. The wiper position is controlled by a three-wire
interface.
= 5V
—Active Current, 3mA Max.
—Standby Current, 500µA Max.
• High Reliability
—Endurance, 100,000 Data Changes per Bit
—Register Data Retention, 100 Years
• X9C102 = 1 k
CC
The potentiometer is implemented by a resistor array
composed of 99 resistive elements and a wiper switching
network. Between each element and at either end are
tap points accessible to the wiper termina l. Th e po sition
of th e wiper element is controlled by the CS, U/D, and
INC inputs. The position of the wiper can be stored in
nonvolatile memory and then be recalled upon a
subsequent power-up operation.
W
The device can be used as a three-terminal
potentiometer or as a two-terminal variable resistor in a
wide variety of applications including:
• X9C103 = 10 k
W
• control
• parameter adjustments
• signal processing
• X9C503 = 50 k
W
• X9C104 = 100 k
W
• Packages
—8-Lead SOIC and DIP
FUNCTIONAL DIAGRAMS
U/D
I NC
CS
7-BIT
UP/DOWN
COUNTER
99
R H /V H
98
V CC (Supply Voltage)
97
Up/ Do wn
R H /V H
7-BIT
NONVOLATILE
MEMORY
ONE
OF
96
(U/D)
ONE-
Inc rem ent
Control
and
Memory
(INC)
R W /V W
HUNDRED
DECODER
TRANSFER
RESISTOR
ARRAY
Devic e S elect
GATES
(CS)
R L /V L
2
STORE AND
RECALL
CONTROL
CIRCUITRY
1
V SS (Ground)
V CC
GND
General
0
R L /V L
R W /V W
Detailed
E
2
POT
™
is a trademark of Xicor, Inc. 11/5/98
©Xicor, Inc. 1994, 1995 Patents Pending
3863-2.4 2/12/99 T2/C0/D0 SH
1
Characteristics subject to change without notice
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X9C102/103/104/503
PIN DESCRIPTIONS
PIN CONFIGURATION
R
H
/V
H
and R
L
/V
L
) terminals of the
X9C102/103/104/503 are equivalent to the fixed
terminals of a mechanical potentiometer. The
minimum voltage is –5V and the maximum is +5V. The
terminology of V
H
/R
H
) and low (V
L
/R
L
DIP/SOIC
INC
U/D
1
2
3
4
8
7
6
5
V CC
CS
V L /R L
V W /R W
references the relative
position of the terminal in r e lation to wiper movement
direction selected by the U/D input and not the voltage
potential on the terminal.
/R
and V
/R
X9C102/103/104/503
H
H
L
L
V H /R H
V SS
R
/V
3863 FHD F02.2
W
W
is the wiper terminal, and is equivalent to the
movable terminal of a mechanical potentiometer. The
position of the wiper within the array is determined by the
control inputs. The wiper terminal series resistance is
typically 40
W
/R
W
PIN NAMES
Symbol
Description
W
.
V
H
/R
H
High Terminal
V
W
/R
W
Wiper Terminal
Up/Do wn (U/D)
V
L
/R
L
Low Terminal
The U/D input controls the direction of the wiper
movement and whether the counter is incremented or
decremented.
V
SS
Ground
V
CC
Supply Voltage
U/D
Up/Down Control Input
Incr eme nt (INC)
INC
Increment Control Input
input is negative-edge triggered. Toggling INC
will move the wiper and either increment or decrement
the c ou nter in the direction indicated by the logic level on
the U/D input.
INC
CS
Chip Select Control Input
NC
No Connection
Chip Select (CS)
The device is selected when the CS input is LOW. The
curren t c ounter value is stored in no nvol atile memory
when CS is returned HIGH while the INC input is also
HIGH. After the store operation is complete the X9C102/
103/104/503 device will be placed in the low power
standby mode until the device is selected once again.
2
The high (V
V
The
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X9C102/103/104/503
PRINCIPLES OF OPERATION
The system may select the X9Cxxx, move the wiper, and
deselect the device without having to store the latest
wiper position in nonvolatile memory. After the wiper
movement is performed as described above and once
the new position is re ached, the system must keep INC
LOW while taking CS HIGH. The new wiper position will
be maintained until changed by the system or until a
power-down/up cycle recalled the previously stored data.
There are three sections of the X9Cxxx: the input control,
counter and decode section; the nonvolatile memory;
and the resistor array. The input control section operates
just like an up/down counter. The output of this counter is
decoded to turn on a single electronic switch connecting
a point on the resistor array to the wiper output. Under
the proper conditions the contents of the counter can be
stored in nonvolatile memory and retained for future use.
The resistor array is comprised of 99 individual resistors
connected in series. At either end of the array and
between each resistor is an electronic switch that
transfers the potential at that point to the wiper.
This procedure allows the system to always power-up to
a preset value stored in nonvolatile memory; then during
system operation minor adjustments could be made. The
adjustments might be based on user preference: system
parameter changes due to temperature drift, etc...
The wiper, when at either fixed terminal, acts like its
mechanical equivalent and does not move beyond the
last position. That is, the counter does not wrap around
when clocked to either extreme.
The state of U/D may be changed while CS remains
LOW. This allows the host system to enable the device
and then move the wiper up and down until the proper
trim is attained.
The electronic switches on the device operate in a “make
before break” mode when the wiper changes tap
positions. If the wiper is moved several positio ns, multiple
taps are connected to the wiper for t
MODE SELECTION
CS
INC U/D
Mode
IW
(INC to V
W
L
H
Wiper Up
value for the device can temporarily
be reduced by a significant amount if the wiper is moved
several positions.
TOTAL
L
L
Wiper Down
H
X
Store Wiper Position
H
X
X
Standby Current
When the device is powered-down, the last wiper
position stored will be maintained in the nonvolatile
memory. When power is restored, the contents of the
memory are recalled and the wiper is set to the value last
stored.
L
X
No Store, Return to Standby
SYMBOL TABLE
WAVEFORM
INPUTS
OUTPUTS
INTRUCTIONS AND PROGRAMMING
Must be
steady
Will be
steady
The INC, U/D and CS inputs control th e m ovement of the
wiper along the resistor array. With CS set LO W the
devi ce is selected and enabled to respond to the U/D and
INC inputs. HIGH to LOW transitions on INC will
in cr ement or decrement (depending on the state of the
U/D input) a seven-bit counter. The output of this counter
is decoded to select one of one-hundred wiper positions
along the resistive array.
May change
from Low to
High
Will change
from Low to
High
May change
from High to
Low
Will change
from High to
Low
Don’t Care:
Changes
Allowed
Changing:
State Not
Known
The value of t he counter is stored in nonvol atile memory
whenever CS transistions HIGH while the INC input is
also HIGH.
N/A
Center Line
is High
Impedance
3
change). The R
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X9C102/103/104/503
ABSOLUTE MAXIMUM RATINGS*
*COMMENT
Temperature under Bias .........................–65°C to +135°C
Storage Te mperatu re .. ... .........................–65°C to +150°C
Voltage on CS, INC, U/D and V
CC
Stresses above those listed under “Absolute Maximum
Ratings” may cause permanent damage to the device.
This is a stress rating only and the functional operation
of the device at these or any other conditions above
those listed in the operational sections of this specification
is not implied. Exposure to absolute maximum rating
conditions for extended periods may affect device reliability.
with Respect to V
....................................... –1V to +7V
SS
Voltage on V
and V
H
L
Referenced to V
SS
........................................ –8V to +8V
|
X9C102 ...................................................................... 4V
X9C103, X9C503, and X9C104............................... 10V
Lead Temperature (Soldering, 10 seconds).......... +300°C
V = |V
–V
H
L
RECOMMENDED OPERATING CONDITIONS
Temperature
Min.
Max.
Supply Voltage (V
CC
)
Limits
Commercial
0°C
+70°C
X9C102/103/104/503
5V ±10%
Industrial
–40°C
+85°C
3863 PGM T04.2
Military
–55°C
+125°C
3863 PGM T03.1
POTENTIOMETER CHARACTERISTICS
(Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise stated.)
Limits
Symbol
Parameter
Min.
Typ. Max.
Units
Test Conditions/Notes
R
TOTAL
End to End Resistance Variation
–20
+20
%
V
VH
V
H
Terminal Voltage
–5
+5
V
V
VL
V
L
Terminal Voltage
–5
+5
V
Power Rating
16
mW
X9C102
Power Rating
10
mW
X9C103/104/503
I
W
Wiper Current
±1
mA
R
W
Wiper Resistance
40
100
W
Wiper Current = ±1mA
Noise
–120
dBV
Ref. 1kHz
Resolution
1
%
Absolute Linearity
(1)
–1
+1
M
(3)
V
W(n)(actual)
– V
W(n)(expected)
Relative Linearity
(2)
–0.2
+0.2
MI
(3)
V
W(n + 1)(actual)
– [V
W(n) + MI
]
RTOTAL Temperature Coefficient
±300
ppm/°C X9C103/503/104
RTOTAL Temperature Coefficient
±600
ppm/°C X9C102
Ratiometric Temperature Coefficient
±20 ppm°C
C
H
/C
L
/C
W
Potentiometer Capacitances
10/10/25
pF
see circuit #3
Notes:
(1) Absolute Linearity is utilized to determine actual wiper voltage versus expected voltage = [V
W(n)(actual)
– V
W(n)(expected )
] = ±1 MI Maximum.
(2) Relative Linearity is a measure of the error in step size between taps = V
W(n + 1)
– [V
W(n) + MI
] = +0.2 MI.
(3) 1 MI = Minimum Increment = R
/99
TOT
= 25°C and nominal supply voltage.
(5) This parameter is periodically sampled and not 100% tested.
A
4
D
(4) Typical values are for T
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X9C102/103/104/503
D.C. OPERATING CHARACTERISTICS
(Over recommended operating conditions unless otherwise specified.)
Limits
Symbol
Parameter
Min. Typ.
(4)
Max.
Units
T e st Conditions
I
CC
V
CC
Active Current
1
3
mA
and
INC = 0.4V to 2.4V @ max. t
IL
, U/D = V
IL
or V
IH
CYC
I
SB
Standby Supply Current
200
500
µA
CS = V
CC
– 0.3V, U/D and INC = V
SS
or V
– 0.3V
CC
I
LI
CS, INC, U/D Input
Leakage Current
±10
µA
V
IN
= V
SS
to V
CC
V IH
CS, INC, U/D Input HIGH
Voltage
2
V CC + 1
V
V IL
CS, INC, U/D Input LOW
Voltage
–1
0.8
V
C IN (2)
CS, INC, U/D Input
Capacitance
10
pF
V CC = 5V, V IN = V SS , T A = 25°C, f = 1MHz
ENDURANCE AND DATA RETENTION
Parameter
Min.
Units
Minimum Endurance
100,000
Data Changes per Bit
Data Retention
100
Years
Test Circuit #1
Test Circuit #2
Test Circuit #3
V R /R H
V H /R H
R TOTAL
TEST POINT
R H
R L
V S
TEST POINT
V W /R W
C H
C L
V W /R W
C W
10pF
FORCE
CURRENT
10pF
V L /R L
V L /R L
25pF
R W
5
CS = V
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