LC-1_Manual.pdf

LC-1 Digital Air/Fuel Ratio (Lambda)

Sensor Controller Manual

Warning!

The Oxygen Sensor used in this device gets very hot in operation.

Do not touch the hot sensor. Do not let a hot sensor touch a

combustible surface. Do not use the sensor with or near flammable

liquids or gases. Failure to heed these warnings may result in severe

burns, explosions or fires.

When installed in the exhaust, the oxygen sensor MUST be

connected and operating with the LC-1 whenever the car is running.

An un-powered oxygen sensor will be quickly damaged when

exposed to hot exhaust gases.

Document # 11-0053

11-0053 LC-1_Manual_1.9.doc

1 Overview................................................................................................................................... 3

2 Mounting and Wiring the LC-1 ................................................................................................. 4

2.1 Indicator LED and Calibration button hookup: .................................................................. 5

2.2 Connecting the LC-1 to an ECU or data logger ................................................................ 6

2.3 Electrical Grounding Concerns ..................................................................................... 6

2.4 Mounting the sensor using a Bung. .................................................................................. 6

2.5 How to fabricate a copper heat sink ................................................................................. 8

3 First Time Use ......................................................................................................................... 8

4 Calibration ................................................................................................................................ 9

4.1 Free air calibration .......................................................................................................... 9

4.2 Sensor heater calibration ............................................................................................... 9

4.3 Calibration Schedule .................................................................................................... 10

5 Remote display and recording of Lambda and/or AFR.......................................................... 10

5.1 Analog Lambda/AFR instrument..................................................................................... 10

5.2 Digital XD-16 Instrument ................................................................................................. 11

5.3 Laptop recording of AFR or Lambda .............................................................................. 11

5.4 Multi channel AFR recording with multiple LC-1’s and/or LM-1...................................... 11

6 Programming the LC-1 ........................................................................................................... 12

6.1 Installing the LM Programmer Software ......................................................................... 12

6.2 Hooking up the LC-1 device to the computer ................................................................. 12

6.3 Resetting the calibration data ......................................................................................... 13

6.4 Updating the Firmware.................................................................................................... 13

6.5 Programming the analog outputs.................................................................................... 14

6.5.1 Advanced output programming ................................................................................ 14

7 Tips, Tricks and Troubleshooting ........................................................................................... 16

7.1 General measurement requirements .............................................................................. 16

7.2 Vehicles with ‘smog-pumps’............................................................................................ 16

7.3 Measuring at the tail-pipe................................................................................................ 16

7.4 Single Cylinder Engines .................................................................................................. 16

7.5 Diesel Engines ................................................................................................................ 16

7.6 Reference cell or Pump cell circuit open or shorted errors............................................. 16

7.7 Sensor Timing Errors ...................................................................................................... 17

7.8 Analog Output tricks/hints ............................................................................................... 17

8 Advanced Topics.................................................................................................................... 17

8.1 Connecting the LC-1 to simulate a narrow band oxygen sensor.................................... 17

Appendix A: LC-1 Cable Pinouts .................................................................................................. 19

Appendix B: LED blinking codes .................................................................................................. 20

Appendix C: LC-1 Error Codes and Troubleshooting Tips........................................................... 21

Appendix D: Limited Warranty...................................................................................................... 22

Appendix E: Kit Contents.............................................................................................................. 23

Revision History............................................................................................................................. 24

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1 Overview

The LC-1 is a stand-alone Wideband Controller used to measure the Air/Fuel Ratio (AFR) or

Lambda for an engine. For gasoline -driven engines, the theoretically optimal air fuel ratio is 14.7

pounds of air for every pound of fuel. At this ratio, theoretically, all available oxygen in the air

combines with all available fuel. This ratio is called the stoichiometric ratio. Stoichiometric for

different fuels are as follows:

Gasoline 14.7

LPG (Propane) 15.5

Methanol

6.4

Ethanol

9.0

CNG

17.2

Diesel

14.6

The measurement Lambda is the actual air fuel ratio over the stoichiometric ratio. A Lambda

measurement of “1” equates to the air fuel ratio of 14.7 (for gasoline engines). When Lambda is

less than 1 the engine runs “rich”, i.e., unburned fuel exists in the exhaust stream. If lambda is

greater than 1 the engine runs lean, i.e., free oxygen (0 2 ) is present in the exhaust. Depending on

the engine, maximum power is typically delivered when the engine runs slightly rich (for example

at lambda values of 0.8 to 0.9 for most engines). This instrument provides a means to measure

the actual air fuel ratio or lambda in the engine in operation directly from the exhaust. For this a

special wide-band oxygen sensor is used to measure the lambda value derived from the oxygen

content (or lack thereof) of the exhaust gases.

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2 Mounting and Wiring the LC-1

1. Find a suitable location under your vehicle where the LC-1 body can be mounted. Using

zip ties or other suitable method, fasten the body of the LC-1 device securely to the frame-

rails or other mounting points as far away from the heat of the exhaust system as the sensor

cable allows. DO NOT zip-tie the LC-1 by the cables.

2. Route the cables from the LC-1 (except sensor cable) into the car interior under the dash.

3. LC-1 Cable connections:

A. Interface and power cables with 6 stripped ends*:

a. Red

12V supply

b. Blue

Heater Ground

c. White

System Ground

d. Yellow

Analog out 1

e. Brown

Analog out 2

f. Black

Calibration wire

B. Serial In connection, 2.5mm stereo (female) marked as IN

C. Serial Out connection, 2.5 mm stereo (female) marked as OUT.

* 3.1 If you have an LC-1 with only 7 stripped ends the wiring is as follows:

a. Red

12V supply

b. Blue

Heater Ground

c. White

System Ground

d. Yellow

Analog out 1

e. Brown

Analog out 2

f. Green

Analog Ground

g. Black

Calibration wire

4. Connect the RED wire to a switched 12V source in your car. A switched 12V source

goes on as soon as the ignition on the car is on. Make sure the connection is fused with a

minimum fuse size of 5A.

5. The BLUE and WHITE wires should all be grounded to the same ground source.

Optimally, these (and any other MTS device ground) will be soldered to the same lug, and

connected to a single point. When this isn’t possible, connect each one to a separate lug,

and attach in close proximity. Multiple lugs on the same bolt is not optimal, and can result in

unwanted signal “noise.” When possible, soldering is always better than crimping. Please

see chapter 2.3 for more information on Electrical Grounding Concerns.

6. Optionally , the YELLOW (Analog out 1) and/or BROWN (Analog out 2) can be connected

to the analog inputs of other devices such as data loggers, ECUs, or gauges. If either one or

both of these wires are not being used isolate and tape the wire(s) out of the way. The default

analog outputs are as follows: Analog output one is 1.1V = 14 AFR and .1V = 15 AFR. This is

a simulated narrowband signal. Analog output two is setup as 0V = 7.35 AFR and 5V = 22.39

AFR. Note: The LC-1’s heater ground and system ground wires should share the same

grounding location of the analog input’s ground. Refer to chapter 2.2 for recommended

wiring schematics.

7. Optionally connect a momentary push-button switch between ground and the BLACK

calibration wire. Please refer to section 2.1.

Note : The use of the calibration wire is not necessary if the LC-1 is connected to Innovate

Motorsports’ XD-16 digital gauge. If the wire is not are not being used, isolate and tape the

wire out of the way.

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8. Optionally connect a indication LED (1.2-2.2V, 1-30mA is recommended) between the

calibration wire and ground. Please refer to section 2.1

2.1 Indicator LED and Calibration button hookup:

The LED will communicate the LC-1’s status. To monitor LC-1 status, connect the red wire

(Anode) of the included LED to the calibration wire (black) of the LC-1 and connect the black wire

(Cathode) of the LED to the ground wire of the momentary switch. The grounds to both the

cathode side of the LED and the Push button should be connected with the Heater ground.

a. Note: The included LED will fit the following hole size and panel thickness: a 5/32”

(0.155” - 0.158”) hole size and a panel thickness of 28–16gauge (0.031” - 0.062”).

b. Optionally, any 1.2V - 2.2V (1mA- 30mA) LED may be used. A typical LED has 2

wires called Anode and Cathode. The Cathode side is typically the shorter of the 2

wires or the black wire.

Pressing the push-button or connecting the black wire to ground (a three second press is

required with firmware version 1.10) starts a free air calibration process in the LC-1. MAKE SURE

THE SENSOR IS IN FREE AIR FOR THAT. See chapter 4 for details.

See Appendix B for LED status codes.

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