metodologia.pdf

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Ppt0000001 [Tylko do odczytu]

W ydział P sychologii

Uniwersytetu Warszawskiego

Metodologia badań psychologicznych

Adam Tarnowski

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Nauki indukcyjne i dedukcyjne

2

• Nauki dedukcyjne

Wychodzą od aksjomatów i pojęć pierwotnych

Ich rozwój polega na wyprowadzaniu szczegółowych

konsekwencji

• Nauki indukcyjne

Wychodzą od opisu faktów

Fakty wiążą w ogólne twierdzenia i teorie

• Bardziej sensowny jest podział na nauki empiryczne i

nieempiryczne (Hempel)

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Kryteria wiedzy naukowej

3

• Ścisłość

• Sprawdzalność

• Obiektywizm

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Sprawdzalno ść

4

• Twierdzenia nauki muszą poddawać się badaniu

empirycznemu.

• Karl Popper- Falsyfikacjonizm. Aby twierdzenie mogło

być przedmiotem nauki, musi być możliwe

przeprowadzenie takiego testu, w wyniku którego

zostanie odrzucone.

• Tautologie- zdania logiczne które pozostają zawsze

prawdziwe nie maja racji bytu w naukach empirycznych.

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Obiektywizm

5

• Twierdzenia naukowe powinny zachowywać swój sens

niezależnie od tego, kto je wypowiada i interpretuje.

• Wiedza obiektywna- „trzeci świat”

Pierwszy świat: Stany fizyczne przedmiotów

Drugi świat: Subiektywna percepcja

Trzeci świat: Intersubiektywna wiedza.

• Obiektywizm oznacza również bezstronność naukowca

„Ojcowski afekt”- badania nad zaangażowaniem ankieterów.

• Powtarzalność doświadczeń- opis badania naukowego

powinien umożliwić jego replikację

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wyklady z metodologii 09-10.pptx (767 KB)
Metodologia.zip (995 KB)
wyklady z metodologii.doc (470 KB)
test_0004a.TIF (142 KB)
test_0004.tif (129 KB)

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