Linux complete Command Reference.pdf

Introduction

LINUX COMPLETE

Command Reference

Compiled by J. Purcell

Red Hat Software, Inc.

201 West 103rd Street

Indianapolis, Indiana 46290

For more information on the Linux operating system and

Red Hat Software, Inc., check http://www.redhat.com .

Acquisitions Editor

Grace M. Buechlein

Development Editor

Brian Proffitt

Software Development Specialist

Jack Belbot

Production Editor

Kitty Wilson Jarrett

Kate Shoup Welsh

Copy Editors

Kimberly K. Hannel

Carolyn Linn

Kristine Simmons

Indexer

Christine L. Nelsen

Technical Reviewer

Bill Ball

Editorial Coordinators

Mandie Rowell

Katie Wise

Technical Edit Coordinator

Lynette Quinn

Editorial Assistants

Carol Ackerman

Andi Richter

Rhonda Tinch-Mize

Karen Williams

Cover Designer

Karen Ruggles

Book Designer

Ann Jones

Copy Writer

David Reichwein

Production Team Supervisor

Beth Lewis

Production Team

Erin Danielson, Bryan Flores,

DiMonique Ford, Julie Geeting,

Kay Hoskin, Christy M. Lemasters,

Tony McDonald, Darlena Murray,

Julie Searls, Sossity Smith

FIRST EDITION

system, or transmitted by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording, or otherwise, without written permission from the publisher. No

patent liability is assumed with respect to the use of the information contained

herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this

book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or omissions.

Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the

information contained herein. For information, address Sams Publishing, 201

W. 103rd St., Indianapolis, IN 46290.

International Standard Book Number: 0-672-31104-6

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number: 97-66202

2000 99 98 97 4 3 2 1

Interpretation of the printing code: the rightmost double-digit number is the

year of the book’s printing; the rightmost single-digit, the number of the book’s

printing. For example, a printing code of 97-1 shows that the first printing of the

book occurred in 1997.

Composed in AGaramond and MCPdigital by Macmillan Computer Publishing

Printed in the United States of America

TRADEMARKS

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service

marks have been appropriately capitalized. Sams Publishing cannot attest to the

accuracy of this information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded

as affecting the validity of any trademark or service mark.

Richard K. Swadley

President

Jordan Gold

Publisher and Director of Acquisitions

Dean Miller

Director of Product Development

Kitty Wilson Jarrett

Managing Editor

Johnna L. VanHoose

Indexing Manager

Kelli S. Spencer

Director of Marketing

Jennifer Pock

Associate Product Marketing Manager

Linda Beckwith

Marketing Coordinator

Overview

Part

User Commands

Part

System Calls

738

Part

III

Library Functions

892

Part

Special Files

1064

Part

File Formats

1104

Part

Games

1210

Part

VII

Miscellaneous

1214

Part

VIII

Administration and Privileged Commands

1258

Part

Kernel Reference Guide

1424

Index

Linux Complete Command Reference

Part

User Commands

Introduction ......................................................................................................... 2

addftinfo ............................................................................................................... 2

afmtodit ................................................................................................................ 2

ansi2knr ................................................................................................................ 4

anytopnm ............................................................................................................. 4

appres ................................................................................................................... 5

ar .......................................................................................................................... 5

arch ....................................................................................................................... 8

GNU as ................................................................................................................ 8

asciitopgm ........................................................................................................... 10

atktopbm ............................................................................................................ 10

bash .................................................................................................................... 11

bdftopcf .............................................................................................................. 47

beforelight ........................................................................................................... 47

biff ...................................................................................................................... 48

bioradtopgm ....................................................................................................... 48

bitmap, bmtoa, atobm ........................................................................................ 49

bmptoppm .......................................................................................................... 57

brushtopbm ........................................................................................................ 57

cal ....................................................................................................................... 58

cat ....................................................................................................................... 58

chattr .................................................................................................................. 59

chfn .................................................................................................................... 60

chgrp ................................................................................................................... 61

chkdupexe ........................................................................................................... 61

chmod ................................................................................................................. 61

chown ................................................................................................................. 62

chsh .................................................................................................................... 63

ci ......................................................................................................................... 64

cidentd ................................................................................................................ 69

cksum ................................................................................................................. 70

clear .................................................................................................................... 70

cmuwmtopbm .................................................................................................... 71

co ........................................................................................................................ 71

col ....................................................................................................................... 76

colcrt ................................................................................................................... 77

colrm .................................................................................................................. 77

column ................................................................................................................ 78

comm .................................................................................................................. 78

Introduction

convdate .............................................................................................................. 79

cp ........................................................................................................................ 80

cccp, cpp ............................................................................................................. 81

crontab ................................................................................................................ 84

csplit ................................................................................................................... 85

ctags .................................................................................................................... 87

cu ........................................................................................................................ 88

cut ...................................................................................................................... 90

cvs ....................................................................................................................... 91

date ................................................................................................................... 106

dd ..................................................................................................................... 108

depmod, modprobe ........................................................................................... 109

df ...................................................................................................................... 112

dig .................................................................................................................... 113

dnsquery ........................................................................................................... 117

domainname ..................................................................................................... 119

dsplit ................................................................................................................. 119

du ..................................................................................................................... 120

editres ............................................................................................................... 121

elvis, ex, vi, view, input ..................................................................................... 126

elvprsv ............................................................................................................... 128

elvrec ................................................................................................................. 129

emacs ................................................................................................................ 130

emacstool .......................................................................................................... 134

etags .................................................................................................................. 135

expand .............................................................................................................. 137

find ................................................................................................................... 137

fitstopnm .......................................................................................................... 142

fmt .................................................................................................................... 143

fold ................................................................................................................... 143

free .................................................................................................................... 144

fsinfo ................................................................................................................. 145

fslsfonts ............................................................................................................. 145

fstobdf ............................................................................................................... 146

fstopgm ............................................................................................................. 147

ftp ..................................................................................................................... 147

fuser .................................................................................................................. 154

g++ .................................................................................................................... 155

g3topbm ........................................................................................................... 160

gawk ................................................................................................................. 161

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: