Mark Dvoretsky The Inst26.Pdf

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The Instructor
The Instructor
Endgame Training:
Expert Use of the Rooks
The Instructor
Mark Dvoretsky
I invite readers to solve the following rook endgames
(allow an hour to an hour and a half for all six positions).
Only the first few examples will be simple (although
even there, it will not be hard to go wrong); after that,
your task will become more and more difficult. Don’t be
unhappy if there are some positions you just can’t solve.
Serious consideration of these problems, followed by a
comparison of your ideas with the answers (which are, in
my opinion, both interesting and pretty) will undoubtedly
be to your benefit.
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Diagram 1
White to move
How should White continue?
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The Instructor
Diagram 2
Black to move
How should Black play?
Diagram 3
White to move
Can White win?
Diagram 4
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The Instructor
Black to move
How can Black exploit his advantage?
Diagram 5
White to move
How should White continue?
Diagram 6
White to move
How should White continue?
Solutions
1. G. Nadareishvili, 1961
1 Rg5!!
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The Instructor
Black is playing for stalemate. In order to gain time for the king to
approach, White must prevent the g-pawn from advancing two squares.
That is why 1 Kb6? g5!= is inaccurate.
1...Kh2 2 Kb6 h3 3 Kc5 Kh1 4 Kd4 h2 5 Ke3 g6 6 Rg3
g5 7 Kf2 g4 8 Ra3 g3+ 9 Kxg3 Kg1 10 Ra1#
2. Nunn - Smejkal , Lucerne Olympiad 1982
Black only draws with 111...Ke4? 112 Kf6(f7) Rf1+ 113
Ke6 Ra1 (113...Rg1 114 Kf6 Kd5 115 g6 Kd6 116 g7=)
114 g6 Ra6+ 115 Kf7 Kf5 116 g7 Ra7+ 117 Kf8 (117
Kg8! Kg6 118 Kh8=) 117...Kf6 118 g8N+.
111... Rf1!!
Now White’s king is unable to “shoulder-block” its Black colleague. For
this purpose, even a tempo is not too great a sacrifice!
112 Kh7 Ke4 113 g6 Kf5 114 g7 Rh1+ 115 Kg8 Kg6
116 Kf8 Rf1+ 117 Kg8 Ra1 118 Kh8 Rh1+ White
resigned.
3. Benko - Gereben , Budapest 1951
With accurate defense, the position is drawn.
1 Kb6 Rb1+ 2 Kc6 Rc1+ 3 Kd6 Rd1+!
In the game, Black erred with 3...Ra1?, and after 4 Rc8! (but not 4 Re8?
Ra6+! =) 4...Ra6+ 5 Rc6 Rxa7 6 Rc7+ Rxc7 7 Kxc7, White controlled
the distant opposition, which was then easily converted to the close
opposition: 7...Kh7 8 Kd7! Kg6 9 Ke6 Kg7 10 Ke7 Kg6 11 Kf8, and
Black resigned.
4 Ke6 Ra1 5 Rd8 (5 Re8 Ra6+! 6 Kf5 Rxa7 =) 5...Rxa7
6 Rd7+ Rxd7 7 Kxd7 Kh7!=. Black is saved only by the
distant opposition - and not by the close opposition:
7...Kf7? 8 Kd6 is zugzwang, and it is White who takes
the opposition.
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The Instructor
Let's take a look at an ending
recently played between two
women grandmasters.
Petz-Kosteniuk , Mainz
2000, 5th match game,
White to move.
Almost the same situation,
except White has an extra
pawn on f3. As a result, the pawn ending that arises after
77 Rd8! Rb6+ 78.Rd6 Rxb7 79 Rd7+ is an elementary win.
In the game there followed 77 Re8?? Rb6+! 78 Kf5 Rxb7 79 e5 fe 80
Rxe5 Rf7+ 81 Kxg5 Rxf3 82 Re7+ Kf8 83.Ra7 Rc3?? 83...Rg3! will
maintain the draw, but even simpler is 83...Kg8!, intending 84...Rf8.
With knight pawns (and no bishop or central pawns) a passive defense
with the Rook on the 8th rank draws.
84 Kh5?? After 84 Kg6! Rc6+ 85 Kh7 Rc5 86 Rg7 the g-pawn would
advance, leading to the Lucena position, which is won for White.
84...Kg8 85 Rd7 Rc6 Black sets up the Philidor position, which assures
the draw; as they say - "No comment."
4. Estrin - Berliner , Wch-corr. 1965
The Black rook stands behind the passed h-pawn; but since White’s king
has already arrived to blockade it, the pawn can only be employed as a
distracting force. Black must initiate active operations on the opposite
wing.
31...Ke6?! is useless after 32 Re1+ (Black cannot allow
the White rook to reach the 7th). And after 31...Rh7?! 32
Kh3, it’s not easy to make further progress.
31..Rc8! 32 Rxf7 Rc7! 33 Rf2
The pawn ending is lost: 33 Rxc7 Kxc7 34 Kg3 Kd6 35
Kh4 Kd5 36 Kxh5 Kd4, and wins. If 33 Rf8, then
33...Rc2+.
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