American Biographies.pdf

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American
Biographies
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TO THE TEACHER
American Biographies are 74 biographical sketches that provide insight
into the contributions to America made by people from every era.These
sketches are representative of the great diversity of Americans in all walks of
life: government, business, and labor leaders; religious, military, and minority
leaders; sports, entertainment, and media figures. Each biography includes
two types of questions designed to provide students with a basic review of the
biography and a critical thinking challenge. Answers to these questions are
provided in the back of this booklet.
Cover: (flag) PhotoDisc; (Adams) SuperStock; (Hemingway) Topham/The Image
Wo rks; (Rice) AFP/Emilie SOMMER/CORBIS; (Bader Ginsburg) AP/Wide World
Photos; (King, Chief Joseph) Hulton Archive/Getty Images; (Gonzalez) AP/Wide
World Photos; (Wheatley) Bettmann/CORBIS.
Copyright © by the McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights reserved. Permission is
granted to reproduce the material contained herein on the condition that such material
be reproduced only for classroom use; and be provided to students, teachers, and
families without charge. Any other reproduction, for use or sale, is prohibited without
prior written permission of the publisher.
Send all inquiries to:
Glencoe/McGraw-Hill
8787 Orion Place
Columbus, Ohio 43240
ISBN-13: 978-0-07-874949-0
ISBN-10: 0-07-874949-2
Printed in the United States of America.
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CONTENTS
American Biographies
Dekanawida
1
Amerigo Vespucci
2
Bartholomé de las Casas
3
Anne Hutchinson
4
Nathaniel Bacon
5
Samuel Adams
6
Thomas Paine
7
Phillis Wheatley
8
George Rogers Clark
9
James Madison
10
Patrick Henry
11
Abigail Adams
12
Eli Whitney
13
Sacajawea
14
Robert Fulton
15
Paul Cuffe
16
Prudence Crandall
17
James Fenimore Cooper
18
Osceola
19
John C. Calhoun
20
William Lloyd Garrison
21
Sojourner Truth
22
Sarah Hale
23
Brigham Young
24
Harriet Beecher Stowe
25
Julia Ward Howe
26
Thomas “Stonewall” Jackson
27
Thaddeus Stevens
28
Hiram Revels
29
Chief Joseph
30
Helen Hunt Jackson
31
Frederick W.Taylor
32
Leonora Marie Kearney Barry
33
Samuel Gompers
34
Susan B.Anthony
35
Thomas Nast
36
W. E . B. Du Bois
37
AMERICAN BIOGRAPHIES
iii
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Mary Elizabeth Lease
38
Miguel Antonio Otero
39
Jane Addams
40
William Jennings Bryan
41
Gifford Pinchot
42
Ida B.Wells-Barnett
43
Jim Thorpe
44
Louis Brandeis
45
Alvin York
46
Jeanette Rankin
47
Carrie Chapman Catt
48
Clarence Darrow
49
Marian Anderson
50
Ernest Hemingway
51
Frances Perkins
52
Langston Hughes
53
Benjamin Oliver Davis, Jr.
54
Luis Muñoz Marín
55
Ralph Ellison
56
Margaret Bourke-White
57
Vladimir Zworykin
58
Rosa Parks
59
Flannery O’Connor
60
Walt Disney
61
Martin Luther King, Jr.
62
Robert F. Kennedy
63
Henry B. Gonzalez
64
Gloria Steinem
65
Ralph Nader
66
Norman Mineta
67
Ruth Bader Ginsburg
68
Toni Morrison
69
Steven Jobs
70
Janet Reno
71
Amy Tan
72
Condoleezza Rice
73
Hillary Clinton
74
Answer Key
75–82
iv
AMERICAN BIOGRAPHIES
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NAME _________________________________DATE ______________________CLASS _______________________
AMERICAN BIOGRAPHY 1
“I have established your commonwealth, and
none has done what I have done.”
At a Glance
Together with Hiawatha, Dekanawida framed the
constitutional principles for an alliance among
the Native Americans of the Northeast, known as
the Iroquois Confederacy. Dekanawida is revered
as a great political leader and lawmaker among
many Native American peoples.
the gods had decreed her son should live, she made
up her mind to care for the child.
As Dekanawida grew up, he saw all about him
strife, murder, and war among the various Native
American nations, and he resolved to find a way to
bring about universal peace.When he reached early
manhood, he left his own people to preach his
message of brotherhood to the Native American
people living in what is now southeastern Canada
and the northeastern United States. At some point he
allied himself with the Mohawk Hiawatha, and
together these two men formulated basic laws
designed to end rivalries and bloodshed among their
people.Their ultimate aim was to bring together all
the peoples of the area into a confederation based on
the principles of peace and justice.
After long and arduous negotiations, Dekanawida
and Hiawatha finally convinced the Mohawk, Cayuga,
and Oneida nations to join the confederation. Later
the Onondaga and Seneca agreed to join as well,
thereby uniting five major Native American nations
into what came to be called the Iroquois Confederacy.
Long after Dekanawida’s death, the Tuscarora tribe
joined the Iroquois Confederacy, making it the League
of Six Nations. By that time, however, Dekanawida’s
major goals of peace and justice through a union of
people had been largely forgotten.The confederation
that he had worked so tirelessly to create had evolved
into a militaristic power in the Northeast, subduing
neighboring Native American nations.The legend
of the earlier omen proved true, for among the
League’s victims were the Huron, the very people to
whom his mother had shown loyalty when she tried
to destroy her son.
T he Iroquois Confederacy was one of the
strongest alliances formed by Native Americans.
When Benjamin Franklin sought the help of this
Confederacy in the war against the British, few people
realized that it had been organized more than 300
years earlier. According to Native American legend,
Hiawatha and his partner Dekanawida, who lived from
about 1425 to 1475, established the Iroquois
Confederacy.
Dekanawida was born along what is now the
southeastern edge of Ontario, Canada.This was
Huron territory, so Dekanawida was most likely of
Huron ancestry. Legend says that his mother saw
omens at his birth that this one of her seven sons
would bring great harm to the Huron people.
Placing loyalty to her people over love for her
newborn child, according to the legend, she cut a
hole in the ice covering a nearby river and dropped
the baby into the freezing water.When Dekanawida’s
mother awoke the following morning, she found her
young son nestled safely in her arms. Still fearing the
omen, twice more she attempted to drown
Dekanawida, and twice more she awakened to find
herself holding the unharmed infant. Convinced that
Reviewing the Biography Answer the following questions on a separate sheet of
paper.
1. Remembering the Details Where were the Iroquois nations located?
2. Understanding Information What were Dekanawida’s goals? How did he work to
achieve them?
Thinking Critically
3. Analyzing Information An omen is an occurrence believed to foretell an event.
What do you think was the significance of omens to early Native Americans? How
does Dekanawida’s mother’s omen help to explain the failure of the confederacy to
produce lasting peace?
AMERICAN BIOGRAPHIES
1
DEKANAWIDA 1425?–1475?
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