O'Reilly.SSH.the.Secure.Shell.The.Definitive.Guide.pdf

,TITLE.16235 Page 1 Tuesday, March 13, 2001 3:33 PM

SSH, the Secure Shell

The Deﬁnitive Guide

,TITLE.16235 Page 2 Tuesday, March 13, 2001 3:33 PM

,TITLE.16235 Page 3 Tuesday, March 13, 2001 3:33 PM

SSH, the Secure Shell

The Deﬁnitive Guide

Daniel J. Barrett and Richard E. Silverman

Beijing • Cambridge • Farnham • Köln • Paris • Sebastopol • Taipei • Tokyo

,COPYRIGHT.25667 Page 1 Thursday, March 15, 2001 11:41 AM

SSH, the Secure Shell: The Definitive Guide

by Daniel J. Barrett and Richard E. Silverman

Printed in the United States of America.

Published by O’Reilly & Associates, Inc., 101 Morris Street, Sebastopol, CA 95472.

Editor: Mike Loukides

Production Editor: Mary Anne Weeks Mayo

Cover Designer: Ellie Volckhausen

Printing History:

February 2001:

First Edition.

Nutshell Handbook, the Nutshell Handbook logo, and the O’Reilly logo are registered

trademarks of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. Many of the designations used by manufacturers

and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations

appear in this book, and O’Reilly & Associates, Inc. was aware of a trademark claim, the

designations have been printed in caps or initial caps. The association between the image of

a land snail and the topic of SSH is a trademark of O’Reilly & Associates, Inc.

While every precaution has been taken in the preparation of this book, the publisher assumes

no responsibility for errors or omissions, or for damages resulting from the use of the

information contained herein.

ISBN: 0-596-00011-1

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Table of Contents

Preface ..................................................................................................................... ix

1. Introduction to SSH .................................................................................. 1

1.1. What Is SSH? ............................................................................................. 2

1.2. What SSH Is Not ....................................................................................... 2

1.3. The SSH Protocol ..................................................................................... 4

1.4. Overview of SSH Features ....................................................................... 5

1.5. History of SSH ........................................................................................ 10

1.6. Related Technologies ............................................................................. 12

1.7. Summary ................................................................................................. 18

2. Basic Client Use ....................................................................................... 19

2.1. A Running Example ............................................................................... 19

2.2. Remote Terminal Sessions with ssh ...................................................... 20

2.3. Adding Complexity to the Example ...................................................... 22

2.4. Authentication by Cryptographic Key ................................................... 26

2.5. The SSH Agent ....................................................................................... 32

2.6. Connecting Without a Password or Passphrase ................................... 37

2.7. Miscellaneous Clients ............................................................................. 38

2.8. Summary ................................................................................................. 40

3. Inside SSH .................................................................................................. 41

3.1. Overview of Features ............................................................................. 42

3.2. A Cryptography Primer .......................................................................... 45

3.3. The Architecture of an SSH System ....................................................... 49

3.4. Inside SSH-1 ........................................................................................... 52

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