cygwin User Guide.pdf

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Cygwin User’s Guide
Cygwin User’s Guide
Copyright (c) 1998, 1999, 2000, 2001, 2002, 2003 Red Hat, Inc.
Table of Contents
1. Cygwin Overview .......................................................................................................1
1.1. What is it? .........................................................................................................1
1.2. Are the Cygwin tools free software? ................................................................1
1.3. A brief history of the Cygwin project ...............................................................1
1.4. Expectations for UNIX Programmers...............................................................2
1.5. Expectations for Windows Programmers..........................................................2
1.6. Highlights of Cygwin Functionality .................................................................2
1.6.1. Introduction............................................................................................3
1.6.2. Supporting both Windows NT and 9x ...................................................3
1.6.3. Permissions and Security .......................................................................4
1.6.4. File Access .............................................................................................4
1.6.5. Text Mode vs. Binary Mode ..................................................................6
1.6.6. ANSI C Library......................................................................................6
1.6.7. Process Creation.....................................................................................6
1.6.8. Signals....................................................................................................7
1.6.9. Sockets ...................................................................................................8
1.6.10. Select....................................................................................................8
2. Setting Up Cygwin ...................................................................................................10
2.1. Internet Setup ..................................................................................................10
2.1.1. Download Source.................................................................................10
2.1.2. Selecting an Install Directory...............................................................11
2.1.3. Local Package Directory......................................................................11
2.1.4. Connection Method..............................................................................11
2.1.5. Choosing Mirrors .................................................................................12
2.1.6. Choosing Packages ..............................................................................12
2.1.7. Download and Installation Progress ....................................................13
2.1.8. Icons .....................................................................................................13
2.1.9. Post-Install Scripts ...............................................................................13
2.2. Environment Variables ....................................................................................13
2.3. Changing Cygwin’s Maximum Memory ........................................................14
2.4. NT security and the ntsec usage ...................................................................15
2.4.1. NT security...........................................................................................16
2.4.2. Process privileges.................................................................................19
2.4.3. File permissions ...................................................................................19
2.4.4. New since Cygwin release 1.1 .............................................................21
2.4.5. The mapping leak.................................................................................23
2.4.6. New acl API .........................................................................................25
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2.4.7. New setuid concept ..............................................................................26
2.4.8. New since Cygwin release 1.3.3 ..........................................................28
2.4.9. Special values of user and group ids....................................................29
2.5. Customizing bash............................................................................................30
3. Using Cygwin............................................................................................................32
3.1. Mapping path names .......................................................................................32
3.1.1. Introduction..........................................................................................32
3.1.2. The Cygwin Mount Table ....................................................................32
3.1.3. Additional Path-related Information ....................................................34
3.2. Text and Binary modes ...................................................................................34
3.2.1. The Issue ..............................................................................................34
3.2.2. The default Cygwin behavior...............................................................35
3.2.3. Example ...............................................................................................36
3.2.4. Binary or text?......................................................................................36
3.2.5. Programming........................................................................................37
3.3. File permissions ..............................................................................................37
3.4. Special filenames ............................................................................................38
3.4.1. DOS devices.........................................................................................38
3.4.2. POSIX devices .....................................................................................38
3.4.3. The .exe extension................................................................................41
3.4.4. The @pathnames .................................................................................41
3.5. The CYGWIN environment variable ..............................................................42
3.6. Cygwin Utilities ..............................................................................................44
3.6.1. cygcheck ..............................................................................................44
3.6.2. cygpath .................................................................................................46
3.6.3. dumper .................................................................................................47
3.6.4. getfacl...................................................................................................48
3.6.5. kill ........................................................................................................49
3.6.6. mkgroup ...............................................................................................51
3.6.7. mkpasswd.............................................................................................52
3.6.8. mount ...................................................................................................54
3.6.8.1. Using mount..............................................................................54
3.6.8.2. Cygdrive mount points..............................................................56
3.6.8.3. Limitations ................................................................................57
3.6.9. passwd..................................................................................................57
3.6.10. ps ........................................................................................................59
3.6.11. regtool ................................................................................................60
3.6.12. setfacl .................................................................................................62
3.6.13. ssp ......................................................................................................64
3.6.14. strace ..................................................................................................67
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3.6.15. umount ...............................................................................................68
3.7. Using Cygwin effectively with Windows .......................................................69
3.7.1. Pathnames ............................................................................................69
3.7.2. Console Programs ................................................................................70
3.7.3. Cygwin and Windows Networking ......................................................70
3.7.4. The cygutils package............................................................................71
3.7.5. Creating shortcuts with cygutils...........................................................71
3.7.6. Printing with cygutils ...........................................................................72
4. Programming with Cygwin .....................................................................................73
4.1. Using GCC with Cygwin ................................................................................73
4.1.1. Console Mode Applications.................................................................73
4.1.2. GUI Mode Applications.......................................................................73
4.2. Debugging Cygwin Programs.........................................................................76
4.3. Building and Using DLLs...............................................................................77
4.3.1. Building DLLs .....................................................................................78
4.3.2. Linking Against DLLs .........................................................................79
4.4. Defining Windows Resources .........................................................................79
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