Mogollon - Cryptography and Security Services - Mechanisms and Applications (Cybertech, 2007).pdf - Cryptography - Yohoho25

Cryptography and

Security Services:

Mechanisms and Applications

Manuel Mogollon

Unversty of Dallas, USA

Cybertech Publishing

Hershey • New York

Acquisition Editor: Kristin Klinger

Senior Managing Editor: Jennifer Neidig

Managing Editor: Sara Reed

Development Editor: Kristin M. Roth

Assistant Development Editor: Meg Stocking

Editorial Assistant:

Deborah Yahnke

Copy Editor:

Erin Meyer

Typesetter:

Jeff Ash

Cover Design:

Lisa Tosheff

Printed at:

Yurchak Printing Inc.

Published in the United States of America by

CyberTech Publishing (an imprint of IGI Global)

701 E. Chocolate Avenue

Hershey PA 17033

Tel: 717-533-8845

Fax: 717-533-8661

E-mail: cust@igi-pub.com

Web site: http://www.cybertech-pub.com

and in the United Kingdom by

CyberTech Publishing (an imprint of IGI Global)

3 Henrietta Street

Covent Garden

London WC2E 8LU

Tel: 44 20 7240 0856

Fax: 44 20 7379 0609

Web site: http://www.eurospanonline.com

any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, without written permission from the publisher.

Product or company names used in this book are for identiication purposes only. Inclusion of the names of

the products or companies does not indicate a claim of ownership by IGI Global of the trademark or registered

trademark.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Mogollon, Manuel.

Cryptography and security services : mechanisms and applications / Manuel Mogollon.

p. cm.

Summary: "This book addresses cryptography from the perspective of security services and mechanisms

available to implement them: discussing issues such as e-mail security, public-key architecture, virtual private

networks, Web services security, wireless security, and conidentiality and integrity. It provides scholars and

practitioners working knowledge of fundamental encryption algorithms and systems supported in information

technology and secure communication networks"--Provided by publisher.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-1-59904-837-6 (hardcover) -- ISBN 978-1-59904-839-0 (ebook)

1. Computers--Access control. 2. Data encryption (Computer science) I. Title.

QA76.9.A25M663 2007

005.8--dc22

British Cataloguing in Publication Data

A Cataloguing in Publication record for this book is available from the British Library.

All work contributed to this book is original material. The views expressed in this book are those of the authors,

but not necessarily of the publisher.

Cryptography and Security

Sevices:

Mechanisms and Applications

Table of Contents

Foreword........................................................................................................................ x

Preface........................................................................................................................... xi

Acknowledgment......................................................................................................... xv

Chapter.I..Classic.Cryptography................................................................................. 1

Classic Cryptography ..................................................................................................... 1

Objectives........................................................................................................................ 1

Introduction..................................................................................................................... 1

Classic Cipher Techniques.............................................................................................. 3

Early Cipher Machines ................................................................................................... 6

Cryptanalysis in World War II ...................................................................................... 12

Summary ....................................................................................................................... 12

Learning Objectives Review ......................................................................................... 13

References ..................................................................................................................... 14

Chapter.II..Information.Assurance........................................................................... 15

Information Assistance.................................................................................................. 15

Objectives...................................................................................................................... 15

Introduction................................................................................................................... 15

Computer Network Architecture ................................................................................... 16

The OSI Model .............................................................................................................. 17

The TCP/IP Model ........................................................................................................ 20

Security Policies, Services, and Mechanisms ............................................................... 22

Placeholder Names Used in Cryptography .................................................................. 26

The Transformation of the Crypto Industry .................................................................. 27

U.S. Export Regulations for Encryption Equipment ..................................................... 29

Summary ....................................................................................................................... 30

Learning Objectives Review ......................................................................................... 31

References ..................................................................................................................... 32

Chapter.III..Number.Theory.and.Finite.Fields........................................................ 33

Number Theory and Finite Fields................................................................................. 33

Objectives...................................................................................................................... 33

Introduction................................................................................................................... 33

Principle of Counting.................................................................................................... 34

Exponentiation and Prime Numbers ............................................................................. 35

The Euclidean Algorithm .............................................................................................. 35

Congruence Arithmetic ................................................................................................. 36

Summary of Properties.................................................................................................. 41

Calculation of the Reciprocal (Multiplicative Inverse) ................................................ 42

Multiplication and Exponentiation in Modulo p........................................................... 43

RSA Algorithm............................................................................................................... 45

Finite Fields .................................................................................................................. 45

Boolean Binary Expressions ......................................................................................... 48

Summary ....................................................................................................................... 49

Learning Objectives Review ......................................................................................... 49

References ..................................................................................................................... 50

Chapter IV. Conidentiality: Symmetric Encryption............................................... 51

Conidentiality: Symmetric Encryption......................................................................... 51

Objectives...................................................................................................................... 51

Introduction................................................................................................................... 52

Crypto Systems.............................................................................................................. 54

Stream Cypher Symmetric Encryption .......................................................................... 54

Basic Theory of Enciphering ........................................................................................ 58

Perfect Secrecy.............................................................................................................. 62

Shift Registers ............................................................................................................... 64

Block Encryption Algorithms ........................................................................................ 80

Block Cipher Modes of Operation ................................................................................ 90

Summary ....................................................................................................................... 97

Learning Objectives Review ......................................................................................... 97

References ..................................................................................................................... 99

Chapter V. Conidentiality: Asymmetric Encryption............................................. 101

Conidentiality: Asymmetric Encryption..................................................................... 101

Objectives.................................................................................................................... 101

Introduction................................................................................................................. 102

Exponentiation and Public-Key Ciphers .................................................................... 104

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