Cisco.Networking.Academy.Program.Engineering.Journal.and.Workbook.Volume.I.Second.Edition.2002.pdf

Cisco Networking Academy Program: Engineering Journal

and Workbook , Volume I, Second Edition

Engineering Journal and Workbook Questions and Answers

Chapter 1

Computer Basics

Introduction

It is important to be able to recognize and name the major components of a PC for the

following three reasons:

Computers are important network-building devices.

Many networking devices are themselves special-purpose computers, with many

of the same parts as ÐnormalÑ PCs.

For you to view the online curriculum, your own computer must be in working

order, which means that you might need to occasionally troubleshoot simple

problems in your computerÓs hardware and software.

Concept Questions

Demonstrate your knowledge of these concepts by answering the questions in the

Engineering Journal space provided.

The transistor and the integrated circuit made modern computers possible.

Explain why.

The invention of a semiconductor transistor opened up many possibilities for

making smaller, more reliable computers. Millions of transistors can now be

placed on one small piece of semiconductor. Further microminiaturization of

integrated circuits leads to widespread use of PCs in homes and businesses.

If your computer doesn’t power up, what steps might you take to identify

and correct the problem?

If your computer does not power up as expected, consider verifying the following:

⇒

Power cord is plugged into wall socket.

⇒

Power switch is switched to the on (1) position.

⇒

Motherboard power inlet is securely fastened.

1 - 239 Engineering Journal and Workbook, Vol. I, 2 nd Ed. Î Chapter 1 Copyright ¨ 2002 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Explain how to do the following:

⇒

Select the NIC card.

The network card selection should involve consideration of the following:

Bus type (PCI, ISA, EISA, and so on)

Network topology (bus, ring, star)

Medium type (UTP, STP, 10Base2, 10Base5, 10BaseF)

Transport speed (1 Mbps, 4 Mbps, 10 Mbps, 16 Mbps, 100

Mbps, 1000 Mbps)

⇒

Set the correct IP address.

The IP address selected should be on the same network or subnetwork

as the other devices that need to be accessed. This should be a unique

address that is not currently being used by any other nodes on the local

network.

⇒

Adjust the display (if necessary).

The display can easily be changed by selecting the display icon from the

control panel. Select the setting option and choose the desired resolution

and color depth. Click Apply to reflect changes.

⇒

Install and set up the browser.

Use the installer program to install and configure your browser. Once

installed, add any necessary browser plug-ins such as Flash or

Shockwave. Choose your method of connectivity, usually dialup or local-

area network (LAN).

The first connection attempt after install will invoke the Internet Wizard

Utility.

Vocabulary Exercise Chapter 1

Define the following terms as completely as you can. Use the online Chapter 1 or the

Cisco Systems Networking Academy: First-Year Companion Guide , Second Edition,

material for help.

ASCII (American Standard Code for Information Interchange) An 8-bit code (7

bits plus parity) for character representation.

Backplane Physical connection between an interface processor or card and the data

buses and power distribution buses inside a Cisco chassis.

Backplane components Backplane, interface, mouse port, network card, parallel

port, and other miscellaneous ports.

Binary The binary number system, or Base 2, is made up entirely of 0s and 1s.

Computers use Base 2 to express IP addresses.

2 - 239 Engineering Journal and Workbook, Vol. I, 2 nd Ed. Î Chapter 1 Copyright ¨ 2002 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Bits Each variable set by a computer is represented as being a 0 or a 1. These 0s

and 1s represent a circuit being open or closed, or a capacitor being charged or

uncharged. Each 0 and 1 is said to be a bit.

Bus A collection of wires through which data is transmitted from one part of a

computer to another. It connects all the internal computer components to the CPU. The

Industry Standard Architecture (ISA) and the Peripheral Component Interconnect (PCI)

are two types of buses.

Bytes Term used to refer to a series of consecutive binary digits that are operated

upon as a unit (for example, an 8-bit byte).

Capacitor A capacitor consists of two conducting metal plates separated by an

insulating material. Capacitors store energy in the form of electrostatic fields.

CD-ROM drive A compact disk read-only memory drive; a device that can read

information from a CD-ROM.

Central processing unit (CPU) The part of a computer that controls all the other

parts. It fetches instructions from memory and decodes them. This action may cause it

to transfer data to or from memory or to activate peripherals to perform input or output.

Expansion slots An opening in a computer where a circuit board can be inserted to

add new capabilities to the computer.

Floppy disk drive A disk drive that can read and write to floppy disks, usually in the 3

ďÑ 1.44 MB or 5 ĐÑ 1.2 MB format.

Hard disk drive The device that reads and writes data on a hard disk. Two main

types of drive interfaces are current in todayÓs computers: the Integrated Drive

Electronics (IDE) drive and the Small Computer System Interface (SCSI; pronounced

scuzzy ) drive. Usually referred to by interface type and capacity (MB or GB; for example,

10 GB SCSI drive).

Integrated circuit (IC) A device made of semiconductor material; it contains many

transistors and performs a specific task.

Light emitting diodes (LEDs) A semiconductor device that emits light when a

current passes through it. Status lights on hardware devices are typically LEDs.

Local-area network ( LAN) LANs consist of computers, network interface cards,

networking media, network traffic control devices, and peripheral devices in a single

building or geographically limited area. LANs make it possible for businesses that use

computer technology to efficiently share items, such as files and printers, and to make

communications such as e-mail possible. They tie together data, communications,

computing, and file servers.

Microprocessor A silicon chip that contains a CPU.

Monitor connector The part of a video cable that plugs into a port or an interface.

SVGA connectors are typically a 15-pin connector.

Motherboard The main printed circuit board of a microcomputer.

Mouse port A port designed to connect a mouse to a PC.

3 - 239 Engineering Journal and Workbook, Vol. I, 2 nd Ed. Î Chapter 1 Copyright ¨ 2002 Cisco Systems, Inc.

Network 1) Collection of computers, printers, routers, switches, and other devices

that are able to communicate with each other over some transmission medium. 2)

Command that assigns a NIC-based address to which the router is directly connected.

3) Command that specifies any directly connected networks to be included.

Network card 1) An expansion board inserted into a computer so that the computer

can be connected to a network. 2) Board that provides network communication

capabilities to and from a computer system. Also called an adapter .

NIC (network interface card) Also called a LAN adapter , it plugs into a motherboard

and provides a port to connect to the network. A NIC communicates with the network

through a serial connection, and with the computer through a parallel connection. Each

card requires an IRQ, an I/O address, and an upper memory address to work with DOS

or Windows 95/98. An interrupt request line ( IRQ ) is a signal informing a CPU that an

event that needs its attention has occurred.

Parallel port An interface capable of transferring more than one bit simultaneously. It

is used to connect external devices, such as printers.

PC components Components found within a personal computer include the

motherboard, video card, network adapter, hard drive, CPU, memory, sound card, CD-

ROM drive, floppy drive, and power supply.

Personal computer subsystems Subsystems of a personal computer include the

system bus, CD-ROM drive, CPU, expansion cards, expansion slots, floppy disk drive,

hard disk drive, motherboard, and power supply.

Power cord A cord used to connect an electrical device to an electrical outlet to

provide power to the device.

Power supply The component that supplies power to a computer.

Printed circuit boards (PCBs) A thin plate on which chips (integrated circuits) and

other electronic components are placed.

Protocol 1) Formal description of a set of rules and conventions that govern how

devices on a network exchange information. 2) Field within an IP datagram that

indicates the upper layer (Layer 4) protocol sending the datagram.

Random-access memory (RAM) Also known as read-write memory, RAM can have

new data written into it and stored data read from it. A drawback of RAM is that it

requires electrical power to maintain data storage.

Resistor A device made of a material that opposes the flow of electric current.

Read-only memory (ROM) Nonvolatile memory that can be read, but not written, by

the microprocessor.

Serial port An interface that can be used for serial communication in which only one

bit is transmitted at a time.

Small, discrete components Components that are usually found in a laptop. These

components are smallerÏthe expansion slots become PCMCIA or PC slots, where

NICs, modems, hard drives, and other useful devices, usually the size of a thick credit

card, can be inserted into the PCMCIA slots along the perimeter.

Solder A conductor that is made up a mixture of lead (Pb) and tin (Sn), and water

with ions.

4 - 239 Engineering Journal and Workbook, Vol. I, 2 nd Ed. Î Chapter 1 Copyright ¨ 2002 Cisco Systems, Inc.

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