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Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
GRAMMAR
PAST PERFECT
Past perfect:
had
+ past participle
Positive and negative
I had seen the film before.
I hadn't seen the film before.
He/she/it hadn't seen the film before.
We/you/they had seen the film before.
Questions
Had I seen the film before?
Had he/she/they seen the film before?
We use past perfect to express an action in the past which happened
before another action in
the past
:
She bought me a film. I hadn't seen the film before
(before she bought it for me)
When I arrived at the party, everyone
had left
.
(before my hand got tired)
UWAGA
1
Different past tenses:
When I arrived at the party, everyone
left:
(they left because they didn't like me)
When I arrived at the party, everyone
had left
(they left before I arrived)
Hermann had been an engineer for two years
(in the past; no connection with now)
Hermann has been an engineer for two years
(until now)
UWAGA 2
Past simple or past perfect?
We can sometimes use past simple in the same way as past perfect if it is clear when
something happened:
I was sick after I ate the soup
(it is clear when I was sick: after the soup)
I was sick after I had eaten the soup
(also correct)
We use past simple for parts of a simple story:
I bought a cake, I ate it and then I felt sick
OT
I had bought a cake, I had eaten it ...
1
My hand was tired. I had written ten letters.
(before I arrived)
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
BUT
I was sick because I had eaten a cake (I ate the cake before I was sick)
I recognised him because we'd met before (we met before I recognised him)
Practice 1
Complete the sentences with
past simple
,
present perfect
or
past perfect
:
1)
When I saw my friend in the street, I ......................... (
shout
) to him.
2)
John was sad when his dog ................................... (
die
).
3)
Hermann .............................. (
live
) here since 1997. He likes this city very much.
4)
John's skin was very brown because he .............................. (
be
) on holiday.
5)
I ........................ (
go
) to the cinema and .......................(
see
) a great film.
6)
She ...................... (
never, be
) to a zoo before and she was very excited.
7)
...............................you ......................(
ever, travel
) on a plane before?
8)
I was late for the concert and it ............................ (
finish
) when I arrived.
9)
When I won the lottery, I ........................... (
jump
) in the air and screamed.
10)
I ................................ (meet) Hermann for the first time in 1997.
Practice 2
Complete the paragraph with a suitable past tense:
When I .............. (
be
) younger my family ............... (
be
) very poor. I ................ (
eat
) only dry bread
and ............... (
drink
) only water. My father ................. (
be
) a miner when he was younger but later
he .............. (
stop
) working. My mother .............. (
work
) in a shop. I remember once, when I
.................. (
eat
) some bread, my tooth ............. (
fall
) out because I ...................... (
have, not
) enough
vitamins! Fortunately, my life .................... (
improve
) improved since then. I ................... (
get
)
married in 1973 and I ..................... (
teach
) at the university since 1990.
Revision: Perfect tenses
Use present perfect (simple or continuous) to complete the sentences:
1)
Professor Jones ................................ (
teach
) here for many years. The students love him.
2)
John ........................... (
not, read
) it yet, so he'd like to borrow it after you finish it.
3)
I ................................... (
wait
) here for three hours! Why are you so late?
4)
Hermann ................................ (
never, see
) snow. He's from Africa.
5)
How long .................................... (live) in Japan?
2
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
VOCABULARY
LEARNING ENGLISH USEFUL PHRASES
What does .................
mean?
How do you spell
.......................
?
What is the difference between
..........
and
................
?
How do you pronounce/say this word/it?
Can you give me an example?
Did I say/pronounce it right?
Could you say that/it again more slowly, please?
Sorry, I don't understand.
How do you say ................... in English?
Could you write it/that for me?
Dialogue 1:
Hermann:
What does
exhausted
mean?
Teacher:
It means 'very tired.'
Hermann:
How do you spell it?
Hermann:
Could you give me an example?
Teacher:
OK. "After running the marathon, I was exhausted."
Hermann:
Hmm.
Exhausted.
Did I pronounce it right?
Teacher.
Yes, very good.
Dialogue 2:
Englishman: Hey, doyouknowwherethe library is?
Hermann: Sorry, I don't understand. Could you say that again?
Englishman: Do you know where the library is?
Hermann: Yes, it's near the
poczta
... er, how do you say that in English?
Englishman:
Poshta
? Do you mean Post Office?
Hermann:
That's it. The library is near the post office.
3
Teacher:
EXHAUSTED.
Bo nauka nie musi być nudna!
Vocabulary from the unit:
air – powietrze
exhausted – wyczerpany
marathon – maraton
pronounce – wymawiać, wymówić
recognise – rozpoznać
scream – wrzeszczeć, krzyczeć
shout – krzyczeć
LESSO 52 – answer key
GRAMMAR
Practice 1
1.
When I saw my friend in the street, I
shouted
(
shout
) to him.
2.
John was sad when his dog
died
(
die
).
3.
Hermann
has lived/has been living
(
live
) here since 1997. He likes this city very much.
4.
John's skin was very brown because he
had been
(
be
) on holiday.
5.
I
went
(
go
) to the cinema and
saw
(
see
) a great film.
6.
She
had never been
(
never, be
) to a zoo before and she was very excited.
7.
Have/Had
you
ever travelled
(
ever, travel
) on a plane before?
8.
I was late for the concert and it
had finished
(
finish
) when I arrived.
9.
When I won the lottery, I
jumped
(
jump
) in the air and screamed.
10.
I
met
(meet) Hermann for the first time in 1997.
Practice 2
When I
was
(
be
) younger my family
was
(
be
) very poor. I
ate
(
eat
) only dry bread and
drank
(
drink
)
only water. My father
was
(
be
) a miner when he was younger but later he
stopped
(
stop
) working.
My mother
worked
(
work
) in a shop. I remember once, when I
was eating
(
eat
) some bread, my tooth
fell
(
fall
) out because I
hadn’t had
(
have, not
) enough vitamins! Fortunately, my life
has improved
(
improve
) improved since then. I
got
(
get
) married in 1973 and I
have been teaching
(
teach
) at the
university since 1990.
Revision: Perfect tenses
1.
Professor Jones
has been teaching
(
teach
) here for many years. The students love him.
2.
John
hasn’t read
(
not, read
) it yet, so he'd like to borrow it after you finish it.
3.
I
have been waiting
(
wait
) here for three hours! Why are you so late?
4.
Hermann
has never seen
(
never, see
) snow. He's from Africa.
5.
How long
have you lived / have you been living
(live) in Japan?
4
Plik z chomika:
antonif
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