Solaris 8 System administration guide volume 1(2).pdf

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System Administration Guide,
Volume 1
Sun Microsystems, Inc.
901 San Antonio Road
Palo Alto, CA 94303-4900
U.S.A.
Part Number 805-7228–10
February 2000
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Copyright 2000 Sun Microsystems, Inc. 901 San Antonio Road, Palo Alto, California 94303-4900 U.S.A. All rights reserved.
This product or document is protected by copyright and distributed under licenses restricting its use, copying, distribution, and
decompilation. No part of this product or document may be reproduced in any form by any means without prior written authorization of
Sun and its licensors, if any. Third-party software, including font technology, is copyrighted and licensed from Sun suppliers.
Parts of the product may be derived from Berkeley BSD systems, licensed from the University of California. UNIX is a registered
trademark in the U.S. and other countries, exclusively licensed through X/Open Company, Ltd.
Sun, Sun Microsystems, the Sun logo, docs.sun.com, AnswerBook, AnswerBook2, SunOS, Solstice, Solstice AdminSuite, Solstice DiskSuite,
Solaris Solve, Java, JavaStation, DeskSet, OpenWindows, NFS and Solaris are trademarks, registered trademarks, or service marks of Sun
Microsystems, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. All SPARC trademarks are used under license and are trademarks or registered
trademarks of SPARC International, Inc. in the U.S. and other countries. Products bearing SPARC trademarks are based upon an
architecture developed by Sun Microsystems, Inc. DLT is claimed as a trademark of Quantum Corporation in the United States and other
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Contents
About This Book 27
1.
Managing Users and Groups Topics 33
2.
Managing User Accounts and Groups (Overview) 35
What’s New in Managing Users and Groups? 35
What Are User Accounts and Groups? 36
Guidelines for Managing User Accounts 37
Name Services 37
User (Login) Names 37
User ID Numbers 38
Passwords 40
Password Aging 41
Home Directories 42
User’s Work Environment 42
Guidelines for Managing Groups 43
Tools for Managing User Accounts and Groups 44
What You Can Do With Admintool 47
Modify User Accounts 47
Delete User Accounts 48
Add Customized User Initialization Files 48
3
Administer Passwords 48
Disable User Accounts 48
Where User Account and Group Information Is Stored 49
Fields in the passwd File 49
Fields in the shadow File 52
Fields in the group File 53
Customizing a User’s Work Environment 56
Using Site Initialization Files 57
Avoid Local System References 58
Shell Features 58
Shell Environment 59
The PATH Variable 63
Locale Variables 64
Default File Permissions ( umask )65
Examples of User and Site Initialization Files 66
Example—Site Initialization File 67
3.
Setting Up and Maintaining User Accounts and Groups (Tasks) 69
Becoming Superuser (root) 70
H
How to Become Superuser (root) 70
Setting Up User Accounts Task Map 71
User Information Data Sheet 71
H
How to Customize User Initialization Files 72
H
How to Start Admintool 74
H
How to Add a Group 75
H
How to Add a New User Account 76
H
How to Share a User’s Home Directory 77
H
How to Mount a User’s Home Directory 79
Maintaining User Accounts Task Map 80
4
System Administration Guide, Volume 1
¨ February 2000
H
How to Modify a Group 81
H
How to Delete a Group 82
H
How to Modify a User Account 82
H
How to Disable a User Account 84
H
How to Change a User’s Password 85
H
How to Change Password Aging for a User Account 86
H
How to Delete a User Account 88
Solaris User Registration 89
Accessing Solaris Solve SM
89
Troubleshooting Solaris User Registration Problems 90
H
How to Restart Solaris User Registration 91
H
How to Disable User Registration 91
4.
Managing Server and Client Support Topics 93
5.
Managing Server and Client Support (Overview) 95
What Are Servers and Clients? 95
What Does Support Mean? 96
Overview of System Types 96
Servers 97
Standalone Systems 98
JavaStation Client 98
6.
Shutting Down and Booting a System Topics 99
7.
Shutting Down and Booting a System (Overview) 101
What’s New in Shutting Down and Booting a System? 101
Booting a System Over the Network With DHCP 102
IA: Booting From CD-ROM Without the Solaris Boot Diskette 102
Where to Find Shutting Down and Booting Tasks 102
Shutting Down and Booting Terminology 103
Guidelines for Shutting Down a System 103
Contents 5

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