Science - December 15 2006.pdf

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CONTENTS
Volume 314, Issue 5806
COVER
A large particle of comet dust
collected by the NASA Stardust mission
generated a carrot-shaped track in a
3-cm-deep silica tile as it was captured.
Like the thousands of other particles
returned by the mission, this one
decelerated from high speed inside
the silica aerogel. See the special
section beginning on page 1707.
Image: NASA Stardust Team
DEPARTMENTS
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1662
1663
1665
1796
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EDITORIAL
1657
by Keith Alverson and D. James Baker
SPECIAL SECTION
Stardust
1707
PERSPECTIVES
1708
1709
D. S. Burnett
1666
Congress Extends Tax Credits for Industry
Congress Endorses Bigger NIH Budget, Director’s Fund
1711
D. Brownlee et al.
1668
1716
1668
1669
1669
1720
1670
1671
1724
1672
1728
1672
1673
1731
1674
1735
1677
M. E. Zolensky et al.
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CONTENTS
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SCIENCE
VOL 314
15 DECEMBER 2006
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CONTENTS
CLIMATE CHANGE
A Semi-Empirical Approach to Projecting Future Sea-Level Rise
S. Rahmstorf
Relating the observed sea-level rise and global air-temperature increases over the
20th century predicts that sea levels may rise by 0.5 to 1.4 meters by 2100.
SCIENCE EXPRESS
DEVELOPMENTAL BIOLOGY
Histocompatible Embryonic Stem Cells by Parthenogenesis
K. Kim et al.
Mouse embryos that develop by parthenogenesis can be a source of embryonic stem
cells immunologically compatible with the donor.
IMMUNOLOGY
Antibody Class Switching Mediated by Yeast Endonuclease–Generated
DNA Breaks
A. A. Zarrin et al.
Factors required for the DNA rearrangement that generates antibody classes can be
replaced by yeast cleavage-site sequences, pointing to a general DNA repair system.
CHEMISTRY
Ultralow Thermal Conductivity in Disordered, Layered WSe 2 Crystals
C. Chiritescu et al.
Randomly stacking the layers in tungsten selenide produces a dense solid having a
remarkably low thermal conductivity at room temperature that is only twice that of air.
PERSPECTIVE: Antibodies Get a Break
J. Chaudhuri and M. Jasin
TECHNICAL COMMENT ABSTRACTS
ANTHROPOLOGY
1681
D. W. Lightfoot
Climate Change Hearings and Policy Issues R. M. Meyer
Cost-Benefit Analysis of the RFA N. J. Dovichi and S. A. Soper
Data Mining on the Web A. Smith and M. Gerstein
Response T. Berners-Lee et al.
Using Models to Manage Carnivores G. Chapron and
R. Arlettaz
1683
S. Lev-Yadun, G. Ne’eman, S. Abbo, M. A. Flaishman
Response to Comment on “Early Domesticated Fig
in the Jordan Valley”
M. E. Kislev, A. Hartmann, O. Bar-Yosef
1683
BOOKS ET AL.
Imaginary Weapons A Journey Through
1684
1740
M. J. McFadden, S. E. Zebiak, M. H. Glantz
the Pentagon’s Scientific Underworld
S. Weinberger, reviewed by M. Shermer
1685
The Field Museum, Chicago, reviewed by R. S. Winters
The Jasons The Secret History of Science’s Postwar Elite
1746
1686
D. M. Zaiss et al.
The immune cells that cause allergies also produce a growth factor
that helps to expel parasitic worms by increasing epithelial cell
turnover.
A. Finkbeiner, reviewed by P. Zimmerman
1687
M. F. Ahmed et al.
PERSPECTIVES
1689
1747
J. Linden >> Report p. 1792
K. J. T. Venken, Y. He, R. A. Hoskins, H. J. Bellen
A method allows efficient site-specific integration of large DNA
sequences and thus manipulation of proteins in vivo in Drosophila
and potentially other organisms.
1690
A. I. Boothroyd >> Report p. 1751
1691
1692
C. L. Kane and E. J. Mele >> Report p. 1757
1693
1751
F. Würthner >> Report p. 1761
D. A. García-Hernández et al.
Rubidium-87 is enriched in certain older stars, confirming theories
that slow neutron capture generates abundant heavy elements in old,
massive stars. >> Perspective p. 1690
1694
P. Stoerig >> Report p. 1786
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CONTENTS
REPORTS CONTINUED...
MATERIALS SCIENCE
1754
J.-H. Ahn et al.
A transfer printing process using soft stamps can efficiently combine
different types of nanomaterials formed on separate substrates into
an integrated electronic system.
PHYSICS
1757
B. A. Bernevig, T. L. Hughes, S.-C. Zhang
Varying the thickness of a quantum well in a common semiconductor
system should produce a transition to a quantum spin Hall effect,
a new state of matter. >> Perspective p. 1692
CHEMISTRY
1776
1761
Y. Yamamoto et al.
An organic molecule self-assembles into a nanotube in which
a layer acting as an electron donor is separated from one acting
as an electron acceptor, creating a photoconductor.
>> Perspective p. 1693
PLANETARY SCIENCE
1780
J. P. J. Saeij et al.
Genetic mapping identifies the proteins that cause toxoplasmosis
when injected by the parasite, one of which is a kinase that interferes
with the host signaling pathways.
MICROBIOLOGY
1764
S. W. Kieffer et al.
Convecting gas and dissociation of ice clathrate in Saturn’s moon
Enceladus can explain the water vapor plume emanating from the
south pole, which contains methane and other gases.
>> News stor y p. 1668
ANTHROPOLOGY
1783
M. P. Mehta and J. A. Baross
An ancient microorganism from a deep-sea vent can fix nitrogen
at an unusually high temperature. >> Perspectiv e p. 1691
NEUROSCIENCE
1786
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Y. Tsushima, Y. Sasaki, T. Watanabe
Unexpectedly, observers trying to perform a visual task are bothered
more by subthreshold, irrelevant stimuli than by stimuli they are
aware of. >> Perspective p. 1694
NEUROSCIENCE
A. Olivieri et al.
Back-migrations of ancient Asian populations through the Levant
contributed to the peopling of northern and eastern Africa.
CLIMATE CHANGE
1770
1788
S. J. Gibbs et al.
Rare plankton became extinct when atmospheric CO 2 levels rose
abruptly 50 million years ago, whereas those sensitive to ocean
acidification caused by the rise survived.
ECOLOGY
R. Tyzio et al.
A burst of maternal oxytocin activates an inhibitory system during
labor, thus protecting the neonatal rat brain from injury resulting
from oxygen deprivation.
CELL BIOLOGY
1773
J. Sibert, J. Hampton, P. Kleiber, M. Maunder
Synthesis of 54 years of fisheries data shows that stocks of Pacific
tuna have declined by 9 to 64%, less than some estimates.
1792
Y. Chen et al.
Human leukocytes amplify a chemoattractant gradient by making
their own gradient of other signaling molecules.
>> Perspectiv e p. 1689
SCIENCE (ISSN 0036-8075) is published weekly on Friday, except the last week in December, by the American Association
for the Advancement of Science, 1200 New York Avenue, NW, Washington, DC 20005. Periodicals Mail postage (publication No.
484460) paid at Washington, DC, and additional mailing offices. Copyright © 2006 by the American Association for the Advancement
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CONTENTS
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VOL 314
15 DECEMBER 2006
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