Y. Schweitzer, S. Goldstein Ferber.pdf

Yoram Schweitzer and Sari Goldstein Ferber

Al-Qaeda and the Internationalization

of Suicide Terrorism

The Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies (JCSS)

JCSS was founded in 1977 at the initiative of Tel Aviv University. In 1983 the Center

was named the Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies – JCSS – in honor of Mr. and Mrs.

Melvin Jaffee.

The purpose of the Jaffee Center is, ﬁrst,toconductbasicresearchthatmeetsthe

highest academic standards on matters related to Israel's national security as well

as Middle East regional and international security affairs. The Center also aims to

contribute to the public debate and governmental deliberation of issues that are – or

should be – at the top of Israel's national security agenda.

The Jaffee Center seeks to address the strategic community in Israel and abroad,

Israeli policymakers and opinion-makers, and the general public.

The Center relates to the concept of strategy in its broadest meaning, namely the

complex of processes involved in the identiﬁcation, mobilization, and application

of resources in peace and war, in order to solidify and strengthen national and

international security.

Yoram Schweitzer and Sari Goldstein Ferber

Al-Qaeda and the Internationalization

of Suicide Terrorism

Memorandum No. 78

November 2005

Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies

רברפ ןייטשדלוגירשורצייוש םרוי

הדעאקלא

םידבאתמהרורטלשהיצזילבולגהו

Editor: Judith Rosen

Cover Design: Yael Kﬁr

Graphic Design: Michal Semo, Yael Bieber

Printing House: Kedem Printing Ltd., Tel Aviv

Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies

Tel Aviv University

Ramat Aviv

Tel Aviv 69978

Israel

Tel. +972-3 640-9926

Fax. +972-3 642-2404

E-mail: jcss2@post.tau.ac.il

http://www.tau.ac.il/jcss/

ISBN: 965-459-065-4

November 2005

Jaffee Center for Strategic Studies

Tel Aviv University

Table of Contents

Executive Summary ....................................................................................................7

Introduction .................................................................................................................9

PART I: AL-QAEDA AND THE IDEOLOGY OF SELF-SACRIFICE

Chapter 1 / Al Qaeda and its Afﬁliates ................................................................15

The Organizational Core .....................................................................15

Al-Qaeda Afﬁliates ...............................................................................18

The Towering Figure of Bin Laden ....................................................20

Chapter 2 / Suicide Terrorism as Ideology and Symbol ..................................25

Istishhad as a Unifying Organizational Value ...................................26

Globalization of the Idea of Istishhad ................................................27

Chapter 3 / Translating Organizational Ideology into Practice .......................33

Istishhad as a Personal Quest ..............................................................33

Locating, Recruiting, and Assigning Suicide Terrorists .................36

The Psychological Contract ................................................................39

The Dynamic of Empowerment .........................................................40

Propaganda by the Deed .....................................................................45

PART II: THE SUICIDE ATTACKS OF AL-QAEDA AND ITS AFFILIATES:

MODES OF ACTION AND REFLECTION OF CULTURE

Chapter 4 / General Operational Features ...........................................................49

Chapter 5 / Suicide Attacks of al-Qaeda ..............................................................53

Kenya and Tanzania – American Embassies ....................................53

Yemen – The USS Cole .........................................................................55

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