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Encyclopedia of 20th Century Architecture
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ENCYCLOPEDIA OF 20TH-CENTURY
ARCHITECTURE
Board of Advisors
Nezar AlSayyad
Unive rs ity of C a lif ornia , B e rke le y
Eve Blau
Ha rva rd Unive rs ity
Robert Bruegmann
Unive rs ity of Illinois -C hic a go
William Brumfield
Tula ne Unive rs ity
Jeffrey Cody
C hines e Univers ity of Hong Kong
Nnamdi Elleh
Unive rs ity of C inc inna ti
Stephen Fox
R ic e Unive rs ity
Kenneth Frampton
C olumbia Unive rs ity
Diane Ghirardo
Unive rs ity of S outhe rn C a li fornia
Michael Graves
Michael Graves and Associates
Renata Holod
Univers ity of Penns ylvan ia
Steven Izenour†
Venturi, Scott B rown, and As s ociates
Richard Longstreth
George Was hington Univers ity
Christian F.Otto
C orne ll Unive rs ity
Michèle Picard
Montreal, Quebec
Beth Savage
National R egis ter of His toric Places
Franz Schulze
Lake Fores t C ollege
Denise Scott Brown
Venturi, Scott B rown, and As s ociates
Helen Searing
Smith C olle ge
Joseph Siry
W e s le ya n Unive rs ity
Martha Thorne
The Art Ins titute of C hic a go
Dell Upton
Unive rs ity of C a lif ornia , B e rke le y
Diana Agrest
Agres t and Gandels onas Architects
ENCYCLOPEDIA OF 20TH-
CENTURY ARCHITECTURE
Volume 1
A–F
R.Stephen Sennott, Editor
Fitzroy Dearborn
New York London
Editorial Staff Sponsoring Editor: Marie-Claire Antoine Development Editor: Lynn M.Somers-
Davis Editorial Assistant: Mary Funchion Production Editor: Jeanne Shu
Published in 2004 by Fitzroy Dearborn An imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 29 West 35th
Street New York, NY 10001
Published in Great Britain by Fitzroy Dearborn An imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group 11
New Fetter Lane London EC4P 4EE
Copyright © 2004 by Taylor & Francis Books, Inc.
Fitzroy Dearborn is an imprint of the Taylor & Francis Group.
This edition published in the Taylor & Francis e-Library, 2005.
“ To purchase your own copy of this or any of Taylor & Francis or Routledge’s collection of
thousands of eBooks please go to http://www.ebookstore.tandf.co.uk/.”
All rights reserved. No part of this book may be reprinted or reproduced or utilized in any form or
by any electronic, mechanical, or other means, now known or hereafter invented, including
photocopying and recording, or in any information storage and retrieval system, without permission
in writing from the publisher.
10 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1
Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data
Encyclopedia of 20 th -century architecture/R.Stephen Sennott, editor. p. cm. Includes
bibliographical references and index. ISBN 1-57958-243-5 (set: alk. paper)—ISBN 1-57958-433-0
(vol. 1: alk. paper)—ISBN 1-57958-434-9 (vol. 2: alk. paper)—ISBN 1-57958-435-7 (vol. 3: alk.
paper) 1. Architecture, Modern—20th century—Encyclopedias. I. Title: Encyclopedia of
twentieth-century architecture. II. Sennott, Stephen. NA680.E495 2004 724′.6′03–dc22
2003015674
ISBN 0-203-48388-X Master e-book ISBN
ISBN 0-203-59315-4 (Adobe e-Reader Format)
ISBN 1-57958-243-5 (Set)
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