MATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems Design - Bassem R. Mahafza & Atef Z. Elsherbeni.pdf - Programowanie - neomnemonic

Simulations for

Design

Bassem R. Mahafza, Ph.D.

Decibel Research, Inc.

Huntsville, Alabama

Atef Z. Elsherbeni

Professor

Electrical Engineering Department

The University of Mississippi

Oxford, Mississippi

CHAPMAN & HALL/CRC

A CRC Press Company

Boca Raton London New York Washington, D.C.

Radar Systems

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Mahafza, Bassem R.

MATLAB simulations for radar systems design / Bassem R. Mahafza, Atef

Z. Elsherbeni

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-58488-392-8 (alk. paper)

1. Radar–Computer simulation. 2. Radar–Equipment and

supplies–Design and construction–Data processing. 3. MATLAB. I.

Elsherbeni, Atef Z. II. Title

TK6585.M34 2003

621.3848

13—dc22

2003065397

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material

is quoted with permission, and sources are indicated. A wide variety of references are listed. Reasonable

efforts have been made to publish reliable data and information, but the author and the publisher cannot

assume responsibility for the validity of all materials or for the consequences of their use.

Neither this book nor any part may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic

or mechanical, including photocopying, microﬁlming, and recording, or by any information storage or

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The consent of CRC Press LLC does not extend to copying for general distribution, for promotion, for

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Direct all inquiries to CRC Press LLC, 2000 N.W. Corporate Blvd., Boca Raton, Florida 33431.

Product or corporate names may be trademarks or registered trademarks, and are

used only for identiﬁcation and explanation, without intent to infringe.

Visit the CRC Press Web site at www.crcpress.com

No claim to original U.S. Government works

International Standard Book Number 1-58488-392-8

Library of Congress Catalog Number 2003065397

Printed in the United States of America 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 0

Printed on acid-free paper

′

Trademark Notice:

To: My wife and four sons;

Wayne and Shirley;

and

in the memory of my parents

Bassem R. Mahafza

To: My wife and children;

my mother;

and

in the memory of my father

Atef Z. Elsherbeni

Preface

The emphasis of ÐMATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems DesignÑ is on

radar systems design. However, a strong presentation of the theory is provided

so that the reader will be equipped with the necessary background to perform

radar systems analysis. The organization of this book is intended to teach a

conceptual design process of radars and related trade-off analysis and calcula-

tions. It is intended to serve as an engineering reference for radar engineers

working in the field of radar systems. The MATLAB §1 code provided in this

book is designed to provide the user with hands-on experience in radar sys-

tems, analysis and design.

A radar design case study is introduced in Chapter 1 and carried throughout

the text, where the authorsÓ view of how to design this radar is detailed and

analyzed. Trade off analyses and calculations are performed. Additionally, sev-

eral mini design case studies are scattered throughout the book.

ÐMATLAB Simulations for Radar Systems DesignÑ is divided into two parts:

Part I provides a comprehensive description of radar systems, analyses and

design. A design case study, which is carried throughout the text, is introduced

in Chapter 1. In each chapter the authorsÓ view of how to design the case-study

radar is presented based on the theory covered up to that point in the book. As

the material coverage progresses through the book, and new theory is dis-

cussed, the design case-study requirements are changed and/or updated, and of

course the design level of complexity is also increased. This design process is

supported by a comprehensive set of MATLAB 6 simulations developed for

this purpose. This part will serve as a valuable tool to students and radar engi-

neers in helping them understand radar systems, design process. This includes

1) learning how to go about selecting different radar parameters to meet the

design requirements; 2) performing detailed trade-off analysis in the context of

radar sizing, modes of operations, frequency selection, waveforms and signal

processing; 3) establishing and developing loss and error budgets associated

with the design; and 4) generating an in-depth understanding of radar opera-

tions and design philosophy. Additionally, Part I includes several mini design

case studies pertinent to different chapters in order to help enhance understand-

ing of radar design in the context of the material presented in different chap-

ters.

Part II includes few chapters that cover specialized radar topics, some of

which is authored and/or coauthored by other experts in the field. The material

1. MATLAB is a registered trademark of the The MathWorks, Inc. For product infor-

mation, please contact: The MathWorks, Inc., 3 Apple Hill Drive, Natick, MA

01760-2098 USA. Web: www.mathworks.com .

included in Part II is intended to further enhance the understanding of radar

system analysis by providing detailed and comprehensive coverage of these

radar related topics. For this purpose, MATLAB 6 code has also been devel-

oped and made available.

All MATLAB programs and functions provided in this book can be down-

loaded from the CRC Press Web site ( www.crcpress.com ). For this purpose,

follow this procedure: 1) from your Web browser type Ðhttp://www.crc-

press.comÑ , 2) click on ÐElectronic ProductsÑ , 3) click on ÐDownload &

UpdatesÑ , and finally 4) follow instructions of how to download a certain set

of code off that Web page. Furthermore, this MATLAB code can also be down-

loaded from The MathWorks Web site by following these steps: 1) from your

Web browser type: Ðhttp://mathworks.com/matlabcentral/fileexchange/Ñ, 2)

place the curser on ÐCompanion Software for BooksÑ and click on ÐCommuni-

cationsÑ . The MATLAB functions and programs developed in this book

include all forms of the radar equation: pulse compression, stretch processing,

matched filter, probability of detection calculations with all Swerling models,

High Range Resolution (HRR), stepped frequency waveform analysis, ghk

tracking filter, Kalman filter, phased array antennas, clutter calculations, radar

ambiguity functions, ECM, chaff, and many more.

Chapter 1 describes the most common terms used in radar systems, such as

range, range resolution, and Doppler frequency. This chapter develops the

radar range equation. Finally, a radar design case study entitled ÐMyRadar

Design Case StudyÑ is introduced. Chapter 2 is intended to provide an over-

view of the radar probability of detection calculations and related topics.

Detection of fluctuating targets including Swerling I, II, III, and IV models is

presented and analyzed. Coherent and non-coherent integration are also intro-

duced. Cumulative probability of detection analysis is in this chapter. Visit 2 of

the design case study ÐMyRadarÑ is introduced.

Chapter 3 reviews radar waveforms, including CW, pulsed, and LFM. High

Range Resolution (HRR) waveforms and stepped frequency waveforms are

also analyzed. The concept of the Matched Filter (MF) is introduced and ana-

lyzed. Chapter 4 presents in detail the principles associated with the radar

ambiguity function. This includes the ambiguity function for single pulse, Lin-

ear Frequency Modulated pulses, train of unmodulated pulses, Barker codes,

and PRN codes. Pulse compression is introduced in Chapter 5. Both the MF

and the stretch processors are analyzed.

Chapter 6 contains treatment of the concepts of clutter. This includes both

surface and volume clutter. Chapter 7 presents clutter mitigation using Moving

Target Indicator (MTI). Delay line cancelers implementation to mitigate the

effects of clutter is analyzed.

Chapter 8 presents detailed analysis of Phased Arrays. Linear arrays are

investigated and detailed and MATLAB code is developed to calculate and plot

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