Drawing Graphs.pdf

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Lecture Notes in Computer Science
2025
Edited by G. Goos, J. Hartmanis and J. van Leeuwen
Berlin
Heidelberg
New York
Barcelona
Hong Kong
London
Milan
Paris
Singapore
To ky o
Michael Kaufmann Dorothea Wagner (Eds.)
Drawing Graphs
Methods and Models
13
Series Editors
Gerhard Goos, Karlsruhe University, Germany
Juris Hartmanis, Cornell University, NY, USA
Jan van Leeuwen, Utrecht University, The Netherlands
Volume Editors
Michael Kaufmann
University of Tübingen, Wilhelm Schickard Institute for Computer Science
Sand 13, 72076 Tübingen, Germany
E-mail: mk@informatik.uni-tuebingen.de
Dorothea Wagner
University of Konstanz, Department of Computer & Information Science
Box D 188, 78457 Konstanz, Germany
E-mail: Dorothea.Wagner@uni-konstanz.de
Cataloging-in-Publication Data applied for
Die Deutsche Bibliothek - CIP-Einheitsaufnahme
Drawing graphs : methods and models / Michael Kaufmann ; Dorothea
Wagner (ed.). - Berlin ; Heidelberg ; NewYork ; Barcelona ; Hong Kong ;
London ; Milan ; Paris ; Singapore ; Tokyo : Springer, 2001
(Lecture notes in computer science ; 2025)
ISBN 3-540-42062-2
CR Subject Classification (1998): G.2, I.3, F.2
ISSN 0302-9743
ISBN 3-540-42062-2 Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork
This work is subject to copyright. All rights are reserved, whether the whole or part of the material is
concerned, specifically the rights of translation, reprinting, re-use of illustrations, recitation, broadcasting,
reproduction on microfilms or in any other way, and storage in data banks. Duplication of this publication
or parts thereof is permitted only under the provisions of the German Copyright Law of September 9, 1965,
in its current version, and permission for use must always be obtained from Springer-Verlag. Violations are
liable for prosecution under the German Copyright Law.
Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg NewYork
a member of BertelsmannSpringer Science+Business Media GmbH
http://www.springer.de
© Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg 2001
Printed in Germany
Typesetting: Camera-ready by author, data conversion by Boller Mediendesign
Printed on acid-free paper SPIN: 10782379 06/3142 543210
Preface
Drawings are an attractive and effective way of conveying information. Graph
Drawing includes all aspects of visualizing structural relations between ob-
jects. The range of topics extends from graph algorithms, graph theory, ge-
ometry and topology, to visual languages, visual perception, and informa-
tion visualization, and to computer-human interaction and graphics design.
Clearly, the design of appropriate drawings is a complex and costly taskwhere
automation is urgently required.
The automated generation of graph drawings has important applications
in many areas of computer science, such as compilers, data bases, software
engineering, VLSI and networkdesign, and graphical interfaces. Applications
in other areas include graphical data analysis (e.g. in all fields of engineering,
biology, or social sciences) and the visualization of information in general
(e.g. by flow charts, schematic maps, or all kinds of diagrams).
The purpose of this bookis to give an overview of the state of the art
in graph drawing. It concentrates on algorithmic aspects, with an emphasis
on interesting visualization problems with elegant solution methods. Each
chapter provides a survey of some part of the field; in addition some se-
lected results are described in more detail. This approach should make the
booksuitable for a first introduction as well as a good basis for an advanced
course, where it may be supplemented by other sources. There is no claim of
completeness – graph drawing is a very dynamic area – so the reader should
be aware of the possibility that further progress might have been made since
the publication of this book. There is also a chance that we may have failed
to notice some subjects, since the necessity of drawing graphs arises in so
many different areas.
The rapid growth of graph drawing as a field has caused some incon-
sistencies in terminology: terms like “drawing”, “layout”, “representation”,
or “model” are often used with different meanings. The authors have tried
to achieve consistent notation; this has not always been possible without
breaking with existing conventions, and we apologize for all remaining incon-
sistencies.
The bookarose from a seminar for young computer scientists. The idea of
the “GI Research Seminars” is to provide young researchers with the oppor-
tunity to gain insight into a new, relevant, and interesting area of computer

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