Two Part Exam Option.pdf

640-821: The CCNA in Two-Parts

Proving your expertise in internetworking doesn't have to be hard. Cisco's latest exam

combination will let you obtain your CCNA credential in two steps.

A new path to Cisco Systems' CCNA, 640-821 allows you to achieve certification in two

small steps instead of one giant leap. You can now choose which path to take in obtaining

your CCNA. You can pass a single exam, 640-801. Or you can tackle two tests: 640-811,

the new ICND (Interconnecting Cisco Networking Devices) exam and 640-821, INTRO.

The first of the two that Cisco suggests you tackle, and received 50 questions in 90

minutes with a passing score of 867. Even though this was the beta version of this exam,

a screen appeared prior to the test, which said, "This beta exam is in the late stages of

development and a score report will be provided." I received a traditional score report,

unlike any other beta I've ever taken.

I had three router simulators, many

multiple choice questions and a few drag-

and-drop items on my exam. Having

taken the CCNA 407, 507, 607 and 801

exams, I found this exam much easier. It

includes all my favorite topics; cable

types, IOS commands, the OSI model and

subnetting.

Exam

#640-821: Introduction to

Cisco Technologies

(INTRO)

Vendor Cisco

Status Current

The exam engine is slow when it comes to

switching between the simulator-based

questions and the standard multiple choice

questions. Patience is a must! For most

simulator-based questions, you're

presented with a router requirement and

required to configure one or more routers

and save and verify your work. The

simulator behaves very much like the real

thing and includes limited support for

abbreviated, editing and help commands.

Reviewer's

Rating

"This new exam will test

your knowledge of basic

router configuration, cable

types, IOS commands, the

OSI model and

subnetting."

Information

55 to 65 questions, 60

minute time limit. Cost:

$100 (U.S.).

Who Should

Take This

Exam?

Candidates for CCNA;

must take in conjuction

with 640-811 ICND exam.

The main topics from the objectives list

are: Design and Support, Implementation

and Operation and Technology. Exam

topics include: Network Types, Network

Media, Switching Fundamentals, TCP/IP,

IP Addressing and Routing, WAN

Technologies, Operating and Configuring

IOS Devices, and Managing Network Environments. In this article, I address many of

these topics under their main headings to help you prepare for this exam.

Objectives Click here

Test

Design and Support

Under this general heading you'll find these topics: Use a subset of Cisco IOS commands

to analyze and report network problems; use embedded layer 3 through layer 7 protocols

to establish, test, suspend or disconnect connectivity to remote devices from the router

console; and determine IP addresses.

Knowing the basic Cisco Internetworking Operating System commands has traditionally

been up to one-third of the required knowledge for the aspiring CCNA. You should

become conversant with the commands listed in Table 1.

Table 1. Basic IOS commands used to establish, test, suspend or disconnect connectivity

to remote devices from the router console.

Show version Display the IOS version and

configuration register value

Show ip

interface

Display the IP address and subnet

mask for an interface

Show running-

config

Display the contents of RAM

Show startup-

config

Display the contents of NVRAM

Resume

session

Connect to an existing telnet session

from the router's console

Exit

Leave a remote or local telnet or

console session

Ping ip

address

Test connectivity

Traceroute ip

address

Test path connectivity

Telnet ip

address

Create remote connection

Tip : When interpreting the output of the ping command, exclamation points (!!!!!)

represent echo replies and good connectivity.

Remember your OSI layer assignments for this exam. Ping and tracert are Network

layer (3) commands; telnet operates at the Application layer (7).

Implementation and Operation

Under this general heading you'll find these topics listed: establish communication

between a terminal device and the router IOS and use the IOS for system analysis;

manipulate system image and device configuration files; perform an initial configuration

on a router and save the resultant configuration file; use commands incorporated within

the IOS to analyze and report network problems; assign IP addresses; describe and install

the hardware and software required to be able to communicate via a network; and finally,

use embedded data link functionality to perform network neighbor discovery and analysis

from the router. Sounds like it's time for another table of commands!

To establish connectivity between a terminal device and the router's IOS, use an ASCII-

compliant terminal-emulation program such as HyperTerminal or Telnet.

Type the console or VTY line password for user access or enable and the enable

password for executive access.

See Table 2 below for IOS commands needed to manage connections, images and CDP.

Table 2. IOS commands for system analysis, manipulating system image and device

configuration files, performing an initial configuration on a router and saving the

resultant configuration file, use commands incorporated within IOS to analyze and report

network problems and assigning IP addresses.

Show users or sessions

Display a list of connected users or open

sessions to the router's IOS

Copy TFTP Flash

Manipulate the system image (IOS) in flash

memory

Config terminal

Allow changes to the configuration file stored

in RAM

Line VTY 0 4, password

password

Configures telnet password

Line console 0,

password password

Configures console line password

Copy running-config

startup-config

Save those changes to NVRAM

Interface interface

name address mask

Assign IP address and mask to a router's

interface

Show CDP

Display Cisco Discovery Protocol (a layer 2

protocol) running configuration.

Tip : The boot system flash command configures the router's IOS to look for the

IOS image in flash memory.

Technology

Under the final heading of Technology in the exam guide, you'll find a multitude of

topics. Let me address them by providing my list of "things to know."

First, binary, hex and decimal are all numbering systems you should be intimately

familiar with for this exam. Table 3 provides a conversion chart.

Table 3. Binary, hex and decimal conversions.

Binary

Hex

Decimal

0000

0001

0010

0011

0100

0101

0110

0111

1000

1001

1010

1011

1100

1101

1110

1111

Computer network LAN topologies consist of bus, star and ring. In a bus and star

network topology, data travels from end to end. In a ring topology, data travels in a ring.

WAN topologies cover greater geographic distances and all data travels in a bit-by-bit

serial fashion.

Tip : Data transmission flow control occurs with the help of buffering, windowing and

congestion avoidance.

In token ring networks, a token is passed around the network from device to device.

When a device has data to send, it must wait until it has the token before sending its data.

Tip : To connect a network device to any one of these network types, you need at a

minimum a compatible network interface card and a connecting cable and protocol.

Network media includes wireless, twisted-pair and optical. Wireless uses no physical

connectors. Twisted-pair is still the most common. UTP (Unshielded Twisted Pair)

includes eight wires in four twisted pairs. Optical media includes fiber, which offers the

greatest distance of the three types. Table 4, below, shows the most common of the

twisted-pair wiring configurations.

Table 4. Common wiring configurations.

Type

Use

Pin-Out

Straight-

thru

workstations connecting to

hubs, switches, routers

1-----1

2-----2

3-----3

4-----4

5-----5

6-----6

7-----7

8-----8

Crossover workstation to workstation or

hub to hub and switch to switch

1-----3

2-----6

3-----1

4-----4

5-----5

6-----2

7-----7

8-----8

Rolled

workstation's serial port to router

console port

1-----8

2-----7

3-----6

4-----5

5-----4

6-----3

7-----2

8-----1

Tip: Routers are responsible for switching and

routing of data packets.

Additional Information

Loads of resources on the market will

help you prepare and practice for

passing the CCNA exams. One such

favorite resource of mine is free,

authoritative and recommended by

many others: Cisco.com .

Once at Cisco.com, you'll want to

spend time with the reference guides

and technology white papers available

in the documentation site or CCO

(Cisco Connection Online) found here .

For the first set of exam objectives, I

recommend the "Internetworking

Technology Handbook" chapters 1-7

found here . Honestly, how much easier

and cheaper can it get? This resource

will help you keep the costs of your

studies down (along with many other

recommendations in the "IT

Certification on the Cheap" guide sold

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