Twilight 2000 - RDF Sourcebook.pdf - Twilight 2000 - annet.farren

Getting There

Primary

Groups

Mission Assignments

Types of Missions

Contents

Resolving Missions

Character Generation

U.S. Marine Corps

Introduction

U.S. Navy

1988-1990

U.S. Air Force

1991

Other Nationalities

1992-1994

Iranian People's Army

..33

1995

Iraqi Liberation Army

1996

Other Arab Forces

1997

Indigenous Irregular Forces

1998

Israel

1999

France

2000

MEFF

The Land

Special Operations

Islam

New Skill

Oil

Rank

Maps

Service Branch/Specialty Tables

Mountains

U.S. Navy

Political Organizations

U.S. Air Force

Iran Nowin National Emergency Council

Israeli Defense Force

The U.S. State Department Foreign Service

Special Operations Forces (All Nationalities)

The KGB

Additions to the Equipment List

The Intelligence Support Agency (ISA)

Submachineguns

DGSE

Assault Rifles

AJITF

Sniper Rifles

Special Note: KGB/GRU Relations

Automatic Rifles

Special Note: KGB/Army Relations

Machineguns

Special Note: Franco-American Relations

Grenade Launchers

Special Note: Franco-Soviet Relations

Rocket Launchers

Military Organizations

Large Caliber Guns

United States Central Command

Surface to Air Missile Systems

Soviet Transcaucasus Front

Unarmored Cargo Vehicles

GRU

Armored Personnel Carriers

French Rapid Action Force (FAR)

Assault Guns

Orders of Battle

Light Combat Vehicles

USSR

Main Battle Tanks

Iraq (Soviet Supported)

Additions to the Firing Charts

Syria

Additions to the Hit Location Charts

USA

Glossary

Iran

Iraq (U.S. Supported)

Credits

Design: Frank Frey

Development & Additional Design: Loren Wiseman & Frank

Chadwick

Research Assistance: Stephanie Robbins

Art Director: Barbie Pratt

Interior Illustrations: Tim Bradstreet and Liz Danforth

Back Cover: Steve Venters

Saudi Arabia

France

Iraq (French Supported)

Abbreviations

Personalities

General Samuel A. Maclean, USMC

General Colonel Piotyr A. Suryakin

Map: The Persian Gulf

Map: Southern Iran

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Bloomington, IL 61702-1646

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Ambassador Garret Stevenson Thayer

General Major Nikita Kurdakhov

Doctor Ailie Berta Kurtz

reserved. Printed in USA. ISBN 0-943580-14-5. Twilight: 2000

is Game Designers' Workshop's trademark for its role-playing

game of survival in a devastated world.

Lieutenant General Raoul Cervelan

Colonel Denise-Marie Richilieu

Campaign Guide

Page 2

Game Designers' Workshop

Introduction

The RDF Sourcebook is different from previous Twilight: 2000

publications in that it is not an adventure, but instead provides

the setting and backdrop for a series of adventures. Subsequent

modules will present more details of individual regions, but this

sourcebook will give a broad overview of the countries, military

and political organizations, and personalities involved.

The RDF Sourcebook is intended to familiarize referees (and

players, to a lesser extent) with the region around the Persian

Gulf which has become the primary "stomping grounds" of the

U.S. Central Command. It is in this area (where a few remain-

ing oil refineries produce a trickle of fuel) that the war between

the U.S. and the Soviet Union is still being fought on something

resembling the old terms.

living in either country would hold dual Israeli/Jordanian citizen-

ship). A treaty between Jordan and Israel was signed and the

previous Israeli/Egyptian agreement was re-affirmed.

Extremists on both sides denounced these developments and

vowed to continue the fight, but in spite of occasional terrorist

incidents, the Camp David II aggreements held up. All sides

settled in and accepted the new order of things. American

prestige and influence hit an all time high in the region.

As the Soviet government became increasingly preoccupied

with a rapidly modernizing China, their influence in the Middle

East slowly waned. The war in Afghanistan dragged on inter-

minably. Despite a steady influx of men and materiel, the Soviets

were no closer to a solution than they were twelve years earlier.

The gains that Moscow had made in the Middle East in the

1970's became increasingly difficult to maintain.

1988-1990

In the early 1990's, several events took place that changed

the face of Middle Eastern politics. Following the death of

Ayatollah Khomeyni's successor, the Iran Nowin (New Iran)

movement came into power. Although still committed to the

Islamic Revolution, Iran Nowin took on more of a nationalist

outlook than a religious one. Mullahs were now beginning to

preach that the "Great Satan" (the United States) had been

properly humbled and was now repenting.

In foreign affairs, the Iran Nowin government began a de-

escalation of the war with Iraq. The first step was a cease-fire.

This quickly became a truce and within a year, a treaty was

signed, mandating both sides to withdraw to their pre-war

boundaries.

The most important change, however, came about in Israel.

American foreign policy, since the late 1980s, had been to bring

increasing pressure to bear on the Israeli government to

negotiate a settlement with its neighbors. The Jerusalem govern-

ment realized that loss of US support would maroon them in

a sea of enemies, and reluctantly bowed to the inevitable.

The resulting treaties (collectively called Camp David II)

established a non-territorial Palestinian state (Palestinians

1991

In 1991, Kuwayt, Saudi Arabia, and Oman signed peace

treaties with Israel. Iraq and Syria, however, were heading

towards war. The newly formed Organization of Middle Eastern

States (OMES) brought pressure to bear on both sides to settle

their differences peacefully.

The Soviets, however, had other plans. A pair of coups were

covertly engineered. Strongly pro-Soviet governments were in-

stalled in Damascus and Baghdad, and the two new govern-

ments were urged to patch up their quarrels.

The effect on world opinion was not what had been an-

ticipated, however. Instead of being hailed as peacemakers, the

Soviets were denounced by most of the world's governments.

Soviet prestige did not improve.

1992-1994

With the invasion of China, one of the major problems facing

the Soviet Supreme Command (VGK) was what the US response

would be. In particular, the VGK was concerned about the United

States Central Command (CENTCOM) whose area of operation

included Iran and Pakistan. The Soviets feared a U.S.-Iranian

RDF Sourcebook

Page 3

or U.S.-Pakistani combined operation against their southern

borders, in support of China.

To prevent this, the Soviets began infiltrating agitators and

terrorists into several pro-western countries in the area. Among

the many cover groups formed in the year before the Sino-Soviet

war was the Mourabitin-al-lslam (Guardians of Islam), formerly

a group of Lebanese Islamic Marxists who were now reinforced

and re-equipped. Their expanded area of operations included

Kuwayt, Saudi Arabia, Iran, and Pakistan.

Although small in numbers, the groups proved highly effec-

tive. The Mourabitin movement was especially effective in Iran

where they joined with the Iranian Communist Party (the Tudeh).

Ironically, much of their local support came from Islamic fun-

damentalists who saw the Mourabitin/Tudeh movement as a

means of discrediting the Iran Nowin government. Another

source of covert aid was the Shir Iran (Lion of Persia) move-

ment. The Shir Iran movement, comprised of diehard Iranian

Royalists, hoped to play the fundamentalists off against the

Marxists, to the detriment of all but themselves. They would

then return the deposed Iranian royal family to the throne.

The Iranian military, still recovering from the recent Iran-Iraq

war, had its hands full dealing with the violence. They did,

however, have more popular support than the opposition had

counted on. This helped turn the tide and by the winter of 1994

only isolated pockets of resistance remained.

The Mourabitin's operations in Kuwayt and Saudi Arabia never

really got off the ground. Most of the Mourabitin were quickly

rounded up or killed. In Pakistan, Mourabitin agitators managed

to gain small footholds in the Baluchi Nationalist Movement.

get too hot, the Syrians withdrew.

The OMES informed the Syrian government that if Syria

started a war with Israel, they would wind up fighting the rest

of OMES as well. Faced with the possibility of a war with Jor-

dan and Saudi Arabia, the Syrians withdrew from the DMZ. The

Israelis re-occupied the Golan Heights. The UN force was

withdrawn.

In September of 1 995, a pro-Syrian Lebanese Christian Fac-

tion seized power in Lebanon in a bloody coup. They called

themselves the Lebanese National Unity Party. They immediately

requested Syrian aid. Since Lebanon was not a member of

OMES, there was nothing that organization could do about it.

The Israelis began shifting units northward while the Syrians

moved into southern Lebanon.

The western nations' response to events in the Middle East

was mixed. Most NATO nations didn't want to do anything to

disrupt the flow of vitally needed oil. Some, however, sent

troops. The Sultan of Oman had requested British assistance

and London responded by sending the newly formed Middle

Eastern Field Force (MEFF). This force consisted of two Gurkha

battalions, a battalion of the Parachute Regiment and an infan-

try battalion (The Kings Own Scottish Borderers). These troops

were used mainly for security and training.

Not to be outdone, the French activated the Foreign Legion

Operational Group (GOLE) and deployed them to Djibouti. The

US government committed the rest of the 7th Special Forces

Group and a ranger battalion for anti-terrorist duties.

1996

At the first of the year, the Americans began reinforcing their

units in the Gulf region. Air force units were shifted to bases

in Saudi Arabia. American military equipment was stockpiled

in Saudi Arabia.

When the Pact offensive began to stall in the spring, many

leaders took this to mean that the Soviet Union would not be

able to effectively intervene in Iran or anywhere else in the Mid-

dle East. As the VGK committed more and more divisions and

resources to the Far East, the pro-Soviet states in the Middle

East became more apprehensive. Soviet military, economic, and

political aid was dwindling rapidly.

Israel moved first. Border incidents with Syria increased, then

there were artillery duel and cross border airstrikes. The Israelis

launched a surprise offensive during Passover.

Initially taken by surprise, the Syrian army recovered quick-

ly. There was heavy fighting in the Bekaa Valley. The Syrians

launched a counteroffensive, and only the timely arrival of Israeli

airborne troops prevented total disaster..

After this setback, the campaign settled into a stalemate. The

Israeli armed forces had deteriorated badly in the years since

their sweeping victories of the 1960s and 1970s, becoming less

of a european style army, and more of a Middle Eastern one.

Damascus eventually fell, but only after a long and costly siege.

While this went on, the situation in Iran steadily worsened.

The Tudeh guerrillas became bolder in their attacks. They con-

trolled large portions of northeastern Iran. The Tudeh not only

fought, they established a political infrastructure. Tudeh rule was

harsh and sometimes brutal, but at least it brought a modicum

of stability.

Another powerful faction, the Pasdaran militia established a

power base in the area around the city of Qom. The Imams of

the Pasdaran enforced a strict fundamentalist interpretation of

the Shariah (Islamic Law), often at the point of a gun.

1995

As the first Soviet armored columns roared over the Sino-

Soviet border, the Tudeh guerrillas again became active and

began attacks against Iranian military and civilian targets. In

response to this, the Iran Nowin government reluctantly allowed

the reforming of the Pasdaran (Revolutionary Guard), the Islamic

Fundamentalist militia.

The Soviets responded by mobilizing the Transcaucasus Front,

a reserve force of the southern theater of military operations

(TVD). This was ostensibly done to provide more troops for the

Sino-Soviet war. The KGB's Transcaucasus Border District also

went on full alert and began receiving heavy equipment.

The pro-Soviet Syrian and Iraqi governments withdrew from

OMES. They claimed that treaty obligations made it impossible

for them to comply with policy. The Syrians denounced OMES

as a tool of Western imperialism. The Iraqis didn't say much,

but they did sell their oil exclusively to the Soviet Union.

With potentially hostile forces sitting on its northern and

western borders, Iran was forced to adapt a policy of neutrali-

ty. This policy was unpopular among the Islamic Fundamen-

talists whose hatred of the Soviet Union was long and deep.

The Iranian government sold oil only to "selected non-

belligerents".

Relations between Israel and Syria deteriorated rapidly. A de-

militarized zone (DMZ) had been established in the Golan Heights

following the '87 war. This DMZ was occupied by a UN

Peacekeeping Force. When the UN General Assembly fell apart

in June of 1995, these troops were left out on a limb.

The Syrians responded quickly. Syrian army units moved to

their jump-off points. Syrian commandos began infiltrating UN

forward positions. The Israelis began deploying into the Golan

Heights. Minor skirmishing broke out, but before things could

Page 4

Game Designers' Workshop

However, they did keep order and suppressed the Tudeh guer-

rillas in their area. The Pasdaran soon began making demands

on the Iranian government. They insisted that their mullahs (holy

men) be attached to regular Iranian armed forces units to insure

their spiritual purity. The Iranian government refused, fearing

a return to the type of fundamentalist government that had near-

ly ruined Iran a decade before.

In March, Pasdaran units tried to storm the Soviet Embassy

in Tehran. The Iranian Army and National Police stopped them

after several hours of hard fighting. The Soviet Embassy closed,

but the Soviets maintained a low-key diplomatic presence

through the Cuban Embassy.

The northwestern Iranian city of Tabriz fell to the Pasdaran

in April. This precipitated a crisis in the Iranian government.

Many members of parliament were openly advocating recogni-

tion of the Tudeh as a counterbalance to the growing power

of the Pasdaran. The Islamic Fundamentalist Party pushed for

a return to rule by the mullahs. As the parliament argued, the

country was falling apart around them. Iran Nowin became a

minority government.

The Iranian military had had enough. With the tacit approval

of the Iran Nowin government, they dissolved parliament,

declared a state of national emergency and placed the country

under martial law. A National Emergency Council, composed

of military and civilian leaders came to power. The various

militias were ordered to either lay down their arms or place

themselves under military control. They did neither.

The Tudeh party ignored the proclamation. The Pasdaran's

reaction was more active. They saw the National Emergency

Council as a group of secular warlords out to destroy the purity

of Islam. One group, calling itself the Anti-Satanic Army, began

marching on Tehran. Other Pasdaran units (along with several

bands of marauders) joined them.

The Council, realizing that it would only be a matter of time

before Soviet troops crossed the border into Iran, decided to

evacuate Tehran. By mid-June, the withdrawal was complete,

and a provisional capital established at Esfahan.

The U.S., France, and the UK began sending military and

economic aid. The Soviets also sent covert aid to the Tudeh

guerrillas in the form of heavy weapons and some old tanks.

By July, northern Iran had become a free fire zone. Various

warlords and their militias fought among themselves for con-

trol of Tehran and other cities. The Pasdaran and Tudeh militias

had a particularly bitter war going on between them. More and

more refugees headed south to seek the relative safety of the

National Emergency Council's area of control.

On the 1st of July, the Soviet Transcaucasus Military District

got a new commanding officer, Colonel-General Piotyr Alex-

anderayvitch Suryakin. General Suryakin was considered by

many western experts to be one of the Red Army's leading

specialists in mobile warfare. The official line from Moscow was

that Suryakin had been seriously wounded in the recent battle

for Shenyang. He had been placed in command of the military

district as a temporary appointment until his injuries had healed.

General Suryakin, contrary to Moscow's statement, was not

there to recover from his wounds. His orders from the VGK were

to secure the Persian Gulf region before the Americans could

intervene. The Syrians were in no position to help. The Iraqis

seemed rather hesitant to go to war again with Iran. Still,

Suryakin had other cards he could play.

In October, the situation in Germany took everyone by sur-

prise. The United States placed all its' regular military forces

on full alert and mobilized the National Guard and Reserves. The

Soviets increased the call-up of Category 3 and 4 Divisions.

The United States Central Command (CENTCOM) reported

itself ready for deployment to the Middle East on October 21st.

CENTCOM's forward headquarters element was already

deployed in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia. The commanding officer of

CENTCOM, General Vincent Barbaneri, urged the Joint Chief

of Staff to deploy CENTCOM immediately before the Soviets

moved into the region.

The Americans discovered that while they could mobilize an

impressive military force, transporting it to where it was need-

ed was another matter entirely. Troop movements were placed

on a priority basis. Most available transport was used to move

troops to Europe. General Barbaneri was told that CENTCOM

would begin deploying in December.

In December, when the first American units crossed the East

German border, the situation drastically changed. The United

States and the Soviet Union were at war, and CENTCOM's

deployment would be delayed until after the first of the year

(all available transport was needed to support the war in Europe).

General Suryakin took advantage of the situation. The lead

division of the 7th Guards Army advanced into northwestern

Iran, and encountered fanatical resistance from the Pasdaran

militia. The Soviets countered this by using chemical weapons

on a massive scale as they had in China.

The Pasdaran exacted a heavy price for their lives (two Soviet

divisions were severely mauled), but the offensive rolled on.

Tabriz fell to the Soviets on Christmas Day and Tehran was oc-

cupied by year's end. As the war in Iran proceeded, tensions

between India and Pakistan grew.

1997

The first units of CENTCOM began to arrive in Saudi Arabia.

The 82nd Airborne Division, the 75th Infantry Regiment (Ranger)

and the 5th Special Forces Group were flown in by priority airlift.

The Soviets committed two more armies, the 4th and the 45th

to the campaign in Iran. They linked up with the Tudeh militia.

By February, Qom had fallen.

It had been eight months since the Iranian People's Army had

withdrawn from northern Iran. The Iranian High Command had

used the time well. Ammunition and supplies had been stock-

Twilight 2000 - RDF Sourcebook.pdf

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