Emergency Medicine.pdf

y M

vademecum

Emergency Medicine

Sean O. Henderson, M.D.

Department of Emergency Medicine

Keck School of Medicine

University of Southern California

Los Angeles, California, U.S.A.

G EORGETOWN , T EXAS

U.S.A.

L A N D E S

B I O S C I E N C E

VADEMECUM

Emergency Medicine

LANDES BIOSCIENCE

Georgetown, Texas, U.S.A.

No part of this book may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any

means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopy, recording, or any

information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the

publisher.

Printed in the U.S.A.

Please address all inquiries to the Publisher:

Landes Bioscience, 810 S. Church Street, Georgetown, Texas 78626, U.S.A.

Phone: 512/ 863 7762; Fax: 512/ 863 0081

ISBN: 1-57059-668-9

Cover artwork by Kristen Shumaker

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Emergency medicine / [edited by] Sean O. Henderson.

p. ; cm. -- (Vademecum)

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 1-57059-668-9

1. Emergency medicine. I. Henderson, Sean O. II. Title. III. Series.

[DNLM: 1. Emergency Treatment--Handbooks. 2. Emergencies--Handbooks. WB 39

E5321 2006]

RC86.7.E5794 2006

616.02'5--dc22

2006005514

While the authors, editors, sponsor and publisher believe that drug selection and dosage and

the specifications and usage of equipment and devices, as set forth in this book, are in accord

with current recommendations and practice at the time of publication, they make no

warranty, expressed or implied, with respect to material described in this book. In view of the

ongoing research, equipment development, changes in governmental regulations and the

rapid accumulation of information relating to the biomedical sciences, the reader is urged to

carefully review and evaluate the information provided herein.

Dedication

Dedicated to the aspiring Emergency Physician.

Thanks to Drs. Greenspan, Calder, Swadron and Brown for their invalu-

able aid, and to all the authors, for their efforts on behalf of, and patience

with, this project.

Sean O. Henderson, M.D.

Contents

Preface ............................................................................ xix

1. Emergency Resuscitation .................................................. 1

Stuart P. Swadron, Peter C. Benson and William K. Mallon

2. Cardiovascular Disorders ................................................ 16

Jason Greenspan, Shahram Tabib and Stuart P. Swadron

Part A: Hypertension and Hypertensive Emergencies ............................... 16

Part B: Acute Coronary Syndromes .......................................................... 23

Part C: Congestive Heart Failure ............................................................... 34

Part D: Endocarditis .................................................................................. 39

Part E: Pericardial Diseases ....................................................................... 41

Part F: Structural Heart Disease ............................................................... 43

Part G: Aortic Emergencies ....................................................................... 49

3. Pulmonary Emergencies .................................................. 53

Deborah B. Diercks, Steven Offerman, Mark Thoma and Peter E. Sokolove

Part A: Acute Respiratory Failure (ARF) ................................................... 53

Part B: Asthma ......................................................................................... 56

Part C: Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease ...................................... 61

Part D: Pneumonia ................................................................................... 63

Part E: Hemoptysis ................................................................................... 67

Part F: Pleural Effusions ........................................................................... 70

Part G: Pneumothorax .............................................................................. 72

Part H: Pulmonary Embolism ................................................................... 73

4. Neurologic Emergencies .................................................. 77

Jacquelyn Hasler Salas

Part A: Headache ...................................................................................... 77

Part B: Motor Deficits .............................................................................. 83

Part C: Altered Level of Consciousness ..................................................... 88

Part D: Infections of the Central Nervous System ..................................... 93

Part E: Cerebrovascular Emergencies ...................................................... 101

Part F: Dizziness and Vertigo .................................................................. 110

Part G: Seizures ....................................................................................... 115

5. GI Emergencies ............................................................. 121

Susan Stone and Andrew S. Kassinove

6. Genitourinary Emergencies ........................................... 136

Chi Lee, Sean O. Henderson and Sabrina Grassl

7. OB/GYN Emergencies .................................................. 158

Stephen D. Docherty

Part A: Selected Obstetric Emergencies ................................................... 158

Part B: Selected Gynecologic Emergencies .............................................. 169

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