P22_009.PDF

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Chapter 22 - 22.9
9. (a) If the system of three charges is to be in equilibrium, the force on each charge must be zero. Let
the third charge be q 0 . It must lie between the other two or else the forces acting on it due to the
other charges would be in the same direction and q 0 could not be in equilibrium. Suppose q 0 is a
distance x from q , as shown on the diagram below. The force acting on q 0 is then given by
F 0 =
1
4 πε 0
qq 0
x 2
4 qq 0
( L
x ) 2
where the positive direction is rightward. We require F 0 = 0 and solve for x . Canceling common
factors yields 1 /x 2 =4 / ( L
x ) 2 and taking the square root yields 1 /x =2 / ( L
x ). The solution
is x = L/ 3.
←−
x
−→←−− L
x −−→
q
q 0
4 q
The force on q is
qq 0
.
F q =
1
4 πε 0
x 2 + 4 q 2
L 2
The signs are chosen so that a negative force value would cause q to move leftward. We require
F q = 0 and solve for q 0 :
4
9 q
where x = L/ 3 is used. We now examine the force on 4 q :
4 qx 2
L 2
q 0 =
=
F 4 q =
1
4 πε 0
4 q 2
L 2 +
4 qq 0
( L
=
1
4 πε 0
4 q 2
L 2 + 4(
4 / 9) q 2
(4 / 9) L 2
x ) 2
4 q 2
L 2
L 2
=
1
4 πε 0
4 q 2
(4 / 9) q and x = L/ 3, all three charges are in equilibrium.
(b) If q 0 moves toward q the force of attraction exerted by q is greater in magnitude than the force of
attraction exerted by 4 q .Thiscauses q 0 to continue to move toward q and away from its initial
position. The equilibrium is unstable.
which we see is zero. Thus, with q 0 =
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