LearningExpress Math Essentials 2nd.pdf

M ATH

E SSENTIALS

C ONQUER F RACTIONS , D ECIMALS

AND P ERCENTAGES —

G ET THE R IGHT A NSWER E VERY T IME !

S ECOND E DITION

S TEVEN S LAVIN

NEW YORK

United States by LearningExpress, LLC, New York.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Slavin, Steven.

Math essentials / Steven Slavin.

CIP DATA TK

CIP

Printed in the United States of America

9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1

Second Edition

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C ONTENTS

Introduction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . vii

Section I

Reviewing the Basics . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 1

Pretest . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 3

Review Lesson 1

Addition . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 9

Review Lesson 2

Subtraction . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 15

Review Lesson 3

Multiplication . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 21

Review Lesson 4

Division. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 31

Section II

Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 37

Lesson 1

Fraction Conversions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 39

Lesson 2

Adding Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 43

Lesson 3

Subtracting Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 49

Lesson 4

Multiplying Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 55

Lesson 5

Dividing Fractions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 61

Lesson 6

Working with Improper Fractions . . . . . . . . . 67

Lesson 7

Working with Mixed Numbers . . . . . . . . . . . . 75

Lesson 8

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 81

Section III

Decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 87

Lesson 9

Adding and Subtracting Decimals . . . . . . . . . 89

Lesson 10

Multiplying Decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 95

Lesson 11

Dividing Decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 101

Lesson 12

Decimals and Fractions as Tenths,

Hundredths, and Thousandths . . . . . . . . . . . 107

Lesson 13

Converting Fractions into Decimals and

Decimals into Fractions. . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 117

Lesson 14

Fast Multiplication and Fast Division . . . . . . 123

Lesson 15

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 135

Section IV

Percentages . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 145

Lesson 16

Converting Decimals into Percents and

Percents into Decimals . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 147

Lesson 17

Converting Fractions into Percents and

Percents into Fractions . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 153

Lesson 18

Finding Percentage Changes . . . . . . . . . . . . 163

Lesson 19

Percentage Distribution . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 171

Lesson 20

Finding Percentages of Numbers . . . . . . . . . 179

Lesson 21

Applications . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 183

Final Exam . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 195

Additional Resources . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 211

I NTRODUCTION

pocket calculator to do your basic arithmetic. The calculator is fast

and accurate as long, of course, as you punch in the right numbers.

So what could be bad about a tool that saves you so much work and gives

you the right answers?

Let me be brutally frank. You know why you bought this book, and

it’s not for the story. By working your way through this book, problem

by problem, you will be amazed by how much your math skills will

improve. But—and this is a really big BUT—I don’t want you to use your

calculator at all. So put it away for the time you spend working through

this book. And who knows—you may never want to use it again.

Your brain has its own built-in calculator, and it, too, can work

quickly and accurately. But you know the saying, “Use it or lose it.”

vii

I f you’re like most other people, you use a

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