2600_Stella_Guide_12-3-79_reformatted.pdf

STELLA

PROGRAMMER'S

GUIDE

Steve Wright

12/03/79

(Reconstructed by Charles Sinnett 6/11/93 Internet: cas@mentor.cc.purdue.edu)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Table of Contents

TELEVISION PROTOCOL ............................................................................................1

Diagram 1 - Atari TV Frame................................................................................2

The TIA (as seen by the programmer) .............................................................................3

1.0 General Description .......................................................................................3

2.0 The Registers .................................................................................................3

3.0 Synchronization .............................................................................................4

3.1 Horizontal Timing..............................................................................4

3.2 Microprocessor Synchronization .......................................................4

3.3 Vertical timing ...................................................................................4

4.0 Color and Luminosity ....................................................................................5

5.0 Playfield .........................................................................................................5

6.0 The Moveable Objects Graphics....................................................................6

6.1 Missile Graphics (M0, M1) ...............................................................6

6.2 Ball Graphics (BL).............................................................................6

6.3 Player Graphics (P0, P1)....................................................................7

7.0 Horizontal Positioning ...................................................................................8

8.0 Horizontal Motion..........................................................................................8

9.0 Object Priorities .............................................................................................9

10.0 Collisions .....................................................................................................10

11.0 Sound ...........................................................................................................10

11.1 Tone .................................................................................................10

11.2 Frequency.........................................................................................10

11.3 Volume.............................................................................................10

12.0 Input Ports....................................................................................................11

12.1 Dumped Input Ports (INPT0 thru INPT3) .......................................11

12.2 Latched Input Ports (INPT4, INPT5)..............................................11

TABLE OF CONTENTS

THE PIA (6532)...............................................................................................................12

1.0 General...........................................................................................................12

2.0 Interval timer..................................................................................................12

2.1 Setting the timer.................................................................................12

2.2 Reading the timer...............................................................................12

2.3 When the timer reaches zero..............................................................12

3.0 RAM ..............................................................................................................13

4.0 The I/O ports ..................................................................................................13

4.1 Port B - Console Switches (read only)...............................................13

5.0 Port A - Hand Controllers ..............................................................................13

5.1 Setting for input or output..................................................................13

5.2 Inputting and Outputting....................................................................14

5.3 Joystick Controllers ...........................................................................14

5.4 Paddle (pot) controllers......................................................................14

5.5 Keyboard controllers..........................................................................15

6.0 Address summary table..................................................................................15

PAL/SECAM CONVERSIONS ......................................................................................16

PAL ......................................................................................................................16

SECAM................................................................................................................16

TIA 1A - TELEVISION INTERFACE ADAPTOR (MODEL 1A) ................................17

GENERAL DESCRIPTION ................................................................................17

DETAILED DESCRIPTION ...............................................................................18

1. Data and addressing .........................................................................................18

2. Synchronization ...............................................................................................18

A. Horizontal Timing...............................................................................18

B. Vertical Timing ...................................................................................18

C. Composite Sync...................................................................................18

D. Microprocessor Synchronization ........................................................19

3. Playfield graphics Register ..............................................................................19

A. Description ..........................................................................................19

B. Normal Serial Output ..........................................................................19

C. Reflected Serial Output .......................................................................19

D. Timing Constraints..............................................................................20

4. Horizontal Position Counters...........................................................................20

A. Description ..........................................................................................20

B. Ball position Counter ..........................................................................20

C. Player Position Counters .....................................................................20

D. Missile Position Counters ...................................................................21

5. Horizontal Motion Registers............................................................................21

A. General Description ............................................................................21

B. Timing constraints...............................................................................21

TABLE OF CONTENTS

6. Moving Object Graphics Registers ..................................................................22

A. General Description ............................................................................22

B. Missile Graphics..................................................................................22

C. Player Graphics ...................................................................................22

D. Vertical Delay .....................................................................................23

E. Ball Graphics .......................................................................................24

7. Collision Detection Latches .............................................................................24

A. Definitions...........................................................................................24

B. Reading Collision...............................................................................24

C. Reset ....................................................................................................24

8. Input ports ........................................................................................................25

A. General Description ............................................................................25

B. Dumped Input Ports (I0 through I3) ...................................................25

C. Latched Input ports (I4, I5)..................................................................25

8.5 Priority Encoder .............................................................................................26

A. Purpose................................................................................................26

B. Priority Assignment.............................................................................26

C. Priority Control ...................................................................................26

9 Color Luminance Registers...............................................................................27

A. Description ..........................................................................................27

B. Multiplexing........................................................................................27

10. Color Phase Shifter ........................................................................................27

11. Audio Circuits................................................................................................27

A. Frequency Select .................................................................................27

B. Noise-Tone Generator .........................................................................28

C. Volume Select .....................................................................................28

TABLE OF CONTENTS

Figure 1. Vertical Delay.......................................................................................29

Figure 2. Synchronization ....................................................................................30

Figure 3. Color-Luminance..................................................................................30

Figure 4. Typical Horizontal Motion Circuit .......................................................31

Figure 5. Playfield Graphics ................................................................................32

Figure 6. Collision Detection...............................................................................33

Figure 7. Audio Circuit ........................................................................................34

Figure 8. Input Ports ............................................................................................35

Figure 9. Game System ........................................................................................36

Write Address Detailed Functions ...................................................................................37

WSYNC (wait for sync).......................................................................................37

RSYNC (reset sync).............................................................................................37

VSYNC ................................................................................................................37

VBLANK .............................................................................................................37

PJ0 (PF1, PF2) .....................................................................................................38

PLAYFIELD REGISTERS SERIAL OUTPUT ..................................................38

CTRLPF...............................................................................................................38

NUSIZ0 (NUSIZ1)...............................................................................................39

RESP0 (RESP1, RESM0, RESM1, RESBL) ......................................................39

RESMP0 (RESMP1) ...........................................................................................39

HMOVE...............................................................................................................40

HMCLR ...............................................................................................................40

HMP0 (HMP1, HMM0, HMM1, HMBL) ...........................................................40

ENAM0 (ENAM1, ENABL) ...............................................................................41

GRP0 (GRP1) ......................................................................................................41

REFP0 (REFP1)...................................................................................................41

VDELP0 (VDELP1, VDELBL)...........................................................................41

CXCLR ................................................................................................................41

COLUP0 (COLUP1, COLUPF, COLUBK) ........................................................42

AUDF0 (AUDF1) ................................................................................................42

AUDC0 (AUDC1) ...............................................................................................43

AUDV0 (AUDV1)...............................................................................................43

WRITE ADDRESS SUMMARY ........................................................................44

READ ADDRESS SUMMARY..........................................................................45

TIA O0..02 AND LUM TIMING ........................................................................46

TIA WRITE TIMING CHARACTERISTICS.....................................................47

TIA READ TIMING CHARACTERISTICS ......................................................48

TIA COMP-SYN AND READY TIMING..........................................................49

RSYNC, RES0O, H01, H02, SHB, 02, 0O .........................................................50

TIA RSYNC AND BLANK AND READY TIMING.........................................51

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