How People Learn - Brain, Mind, Experience and School 2000.pdf - personal skills - grigrix

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How People Learn

Brain, Mind, Experience, and School

Committee on Developments in the Science of Learning

John D. Bransford, Ann L. Brown, and Rodney R. Cocking, editors

with additional material from the

Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice

M. Suzanne Donovan, John D. Bransford, and James W. Pellegrino, editors

Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education

National Research Council

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS

Washington, D.C.

Expanded Edition

NATIONAL ACADEMY PRESS • 2101 Constitution Avenue N.W. • Washington, D.C. 20418

NOTICE: The project that is the subject of this report was approved by the Govern-

ing Board of the National Research Council, whose members are drawn from the

councils of the National Academy of Sciences, the National Academy of Engineering,

and the Institute of Medicine. The members of the committee responsible for the

report were chosen for their special competences and with regard for appropriate

balance.

This study was supported by Grant No. R117U40001-94A between the National Acad-

emy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Education. Any opinions, findings,

conclusions, or recommendations expressed in this publication are those of the

author(s) and do not necessarily reflect the view of the organizations or agencies

that provided support for this project.

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

How people learn : brain, mind, experience, and school / John D.

Bransford ... [et al.], editors ; Committee on Developments in the

Science of Learning and Committee on Learning Research and Educational

Practice, Commission on Behavioral and Social Sciences and Education,

National Research Council.— Expanded ed.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 0-309-07036-8 (pbk.)

1. Learning, Psychology of. 2. Learning—Social aspects. I.

Bransford, John. II. National Research Council (U.S.). Committee on

Developments in the Science of Learning. III. National Research Council

(U.S.). Committee on Learning Research and Educational Practice. IV.

Title.

LB1060 .H672 2000

370.15’23—dc21

00-010144

Additional copies of this report are available from:

National Academy Press

2101 Constitution Avenue, N.W.

Washington, D.C. 20418

Call 800-624-6242 or 202-334-3313 (in the Washington Metropolitan Area).

This volume is also available on line at http://www.nap.edu

Printed in the United States of America

National Academy of Sciences

National Academy of Engineering

Institute of Medicine

National Research Council

The National Academy of Sciences is a private, nonprofit, self-perpetuating society

of distinguished scholars engaged in scientific and engineering research, dedicated

to the furtherance of science and technology and to their use for the general welfare.

Upon the authority of the charter granted to it by the Congress in 1863, the Academy

has a mandate that requires it to advise the federal government on scientific and

technical matters. Dr. Bruce M. Alberts is president of the National Academy of

Sciences.

The National Academy of Engineering was established in 1964, under the charter

of the National Academy of Sciences, as a parallel organization of outstanding engi-

neers. It is autonomous in its administration and in the selection of its members,

sharing with the National Academy of Sciences the responsibility for advising the

federal government. The National Academy of Engineering also sponsors engineer-

ing programs aimed at meeting national needs, encourages education and research,

and recognizes the superior achievements of engineers. Dr. William A. Wulf is presi-

dent of the National Academy of Engineering.

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Shine is president of the Institute of Medicine.

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administered jointly by both Academies and the Institute of Medicine. Dr. Bruce M.

Alberts and Dr. William A. Wulf are chairman and vice chairman, respectively, of the

National Research Council.

In Memory of

Ann L. Brown

(1943-1999)

Scholar and Scientist

Champion of Children and Those Who Teach Them

Whose Vision It Was to

Bring Learning Research

into the Classroom

How People Learn - Brain, Mind, Experience and School 2000.pdf

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