Advanced Language Practise.pdf

Advanced

Language Practice

with key

Michael Vince

with Peter Sunderland

English Grammar and

Vocabulary

MACMILLAN

Macmillan Education

Between Towns Road, Oxford OX4 3PP

A division of Macmillan Publishers Limited

Companies and representatives throughout the world

ISBN 1 405 00762 1 with key

ISBN 1 405 00761 3 without key

Text © Michael Vince 2003

Design and illustration © Macmillan Publishers Limited 2003

First published 1994

This edition published 2003

reproduced, stored in a retrieval system, transmitted in any

form, or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying,

recording, or otherwise, without the prior written permission

of the publishers.

Layout and composition by Newton Harris Design Partnership

Cover design by Oliver Design

Illustrated by:

Ed McLachlan pp 109; Julian Mosedale pp 12, 39, 110, 123, 153,

176, 195, 217, 225, 257; David Parkins pp 3, 42, 73;

Martin Shovel pp 10, 16, 56, 70, 117, 147, 235, 285;

Bill Stott pp 122; Kingsley Wiggin pp 24, 27, 57, 191, 220.

Photographs by:

Eyewire, Photodisc and Andrew Oliver.

The author would like to thank the many schools and teachers

who have commented on these materials. Also special thanks to

Peter Sunderland and Sarah Curtis.

Printed and bound in Italy

by G. Canale and C. S.p. A Borgaro T.se, Turin

2007 2006 2005 2004 2003

10 987654321

Contents

Introduction

Vlll

Grammar 1

Present time

Basic contrasts: present simple and present continuous

State verbs and event (action or dynamic) verbs

State verbs normally without a continuous form

Difference of meaning in stative and active verbs

Other uses of present continuous

Other uses of present simple

Grammar 2

Future time

Basic contrasts: will, going to, present continuous

Future continuous

Future perfect

Other ways of referring to the future

Other future references

Grammar 3

Past time

Basic contrasts: past simple and past continuous

Past perfect simple and continuous

Used to and would

Unfulfilled past events

Polite forms

Contrast with present perfect

Grammar 4

Present perfect

Present perfect simple

Present perfect continuous

Contrast of present perfect simple and present perfect continuous

Time expressions with present perfect

Grammar 6

Passive 1

Basic uses

Using and not mentioning the agent

Grammar 7

Passive 2

Have and get something done, need doir,

Passive get

Reporting verbs

Verbs with prepositions

Common contexts for the passive

iii

ADVANCED LANGUAGE PRACTICE

Grammar 8

Conditionals

Basic usage: truths, real situations, hypothetical situations (present

and past)

Variations: if only, unless, and other alternatives to if, past events

with results in the present, should, were to, happen to, if it were not for,

if it hadn't been for

Other ways of making a conditional sentence: supposing, otherwise,

but for, if so, if not, colloquial omission of if, if and adjectives,

if meaning although

Grammar 9

Unreal time and subjunctives

It's time, it's high time

Wishes

I'd rather and I'd sooner, I'd prefer

As if, as though

Suppose and imagine

Formal subjunctives

Formulaic subjunctive

Grammar 11

Modals: present and future

Don't have to and must not: absence of obligation, obligation not

to do something

Should: expectation, recommendation, criticism of an action,

uncertainty with verbs of thinking, with be and adjectives describing chance

after in case to emphasise unlikelihood

Could: possibility or uncertainty, with comparative adjectives to

express possibility or impossibility, suggestions, unwillingness

Can: criticism, capability

Must and can't: certainty, present time reference only

May and might: although clauses, may/might as well, possibility or

uncertainty with try

Shall: certainty, what the speaker wants to happen

Will: assumption, intention, refuse and insist

Would: annoying habits, certainty

Need: need to not a modal, need partly a modal

Related non-modal expressions: had better, be bound to

Grammar 12

Modals: past

Had to and must have: past obligation, past certainty

Should have and ought to have: expectation, criticism of an action,

should have and verbs of thinking, with be and adjectives

describing chance, polite expressions

Could have: past possibility or uncertainty, with comparative

adjectives, unwillingness

Could: past permission or ability, compared with could have

May have and can't have: certainty, with surely

Would not: unwillingness

Would have: events in the past which did not happen, assumptions

Needn't have and didn't need to: unnecessary actions done and not done

Adverbs and modals: well, easily, obviously, really, just

Plik z chomika:

Inne pliki z tego folderu:

Inne foldery tego chomika: