Duke's Handbook of Medicinal Plants of the Bible.pdf

DUKE’S

HANDBOOK OF

Medicinal

Plant Bible

OF THE

James A. Duke

with

Peggy-Ann K. Duke

Judith L. duCellie

Boca Raton London New York

CRC Press is an imprint of the

Taylor & Francis Group, an informa business

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CRC Press is an imprint of Taylor & Francis Group, an Informa business

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Printed in the United States of America on acid-free paper

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International Standard Book Number-13: 978-0-8493-8202-4 (Hardcover)

This book contains information obtained from authentic and highly regarded sources. Reprinted material is quoted

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Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Duke, James A., 1929-

Duke’s handbook of medicinal plants of the Bible / James A. Duke.

p. cm.

Includes bibliographical references and index.

ISBN 978-0-8493-8202-4 (alk. paper)

1. Herbs in the Bible 2. Plants in the Bible. 3. Herbs--Therapeutic use. I. Title. II. Title: Handbook of

medicinal herbs of the Bible.

BS665.D85 2007

220.8’58163--dc22

2007020177

Visit the Taylor & Francis Web site at

http://www.taylorandfrancis.com

and the CRC Press Web site at

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Contents

Acknowledgments .......................................................................................................................... vii

Introduction ..................................................................................................................................... ix

Author .............................................................................................................................................. xi

Bibliographic Abbreviations ....................................................................................................... xiii

Chemical and Medical Abbreviations ........................................................................................ xvii

Hushpuppy ..................................................................................................................................... xix

Format of This Book ..................................................................................................................... xxi

Catalog of “Faith-Based” Farmaceuticals ..................................................................................... 1

Cilician Fir ( Abies cilicica (Antoine & Kotschy) Carrière) ++ Abietaceae....................................... 1

Indian Gum Arabic Tree ( Acacia nilotica (L.) Willd. ex Delile) ++ Fabaceae................................. 2

Talh ( Acacia seyal Delile.) ++ Fabaceae ........................................................................................... 6

Biblical Acacia ( Acacia tortilis ssp. raddiana (Savi) Brenan) ++ Fabaceae ..................................... 7

Corn Cockle ( Agrostemma githago L.) + Caryophyllaceae .............................................................. 8

Hollyhock ( Alcea rosea L.) + Malvaceae ........................................................................................ 11

Camel’s Thorn ( Alhagi maurorum Medik . ) ++ Fabaceae ............................................................... 13

Onion (Allium cepa L . ) +++ Liliaceae............................................................................................. 16

Leek ( Allium porrum L . ) +++ Liliaceae.......................................................................................... 21

Garlic ( Allium sativum L . ) +++ Liliaceae ....................................................................................... 23

Aloe ( Aloe vera (L.) Burm. f.) (Gel) ++ Aloeaceae (Liliaceae)....................................................... 30

Jointed Anabasis ( Anabasis articulata (Forssk.) Moq.) + Chenopodiaceae ................................... 35

Rose-of-Jericho ( Anastatica hierochuntica L . ) ++ Brassicaceae .................................................... 36

Windower ( Anemone coronaria L . ) + Ranunculaceae.................................................................. 37

Dill ( Anethum graveolens L . ) ++ Apiaceae..................................................................................... 39

Mayweed ( Anthemis cotula L . ) + Asteraceae ................................................................................. 43

Agarwood ( Aquilaria malaccensis Lam . ) + Thymelaeaceae ..........................................................44

Horseradish ( Armoracia rusticana P. Gaertn. et al.)++ Brassicaceae............................................. 47

White Wormwood ( Artemisia herba-alba Asso) ++ Asteraceae .................................................... 50

Giant Reed ( Arundo donax L . ) + Poaceae....................................................................................... 52

Tragacanth Milkvetch ( Astragalus gummifer Labill.) +++ Fabaceae ............................................. 55

Sea Orache ( Atriplex halimus L.) + Chenopodiaceae ..................................................................... 57

Desert Date ( Balanites aegyptiacus (L.) Delile.) ++ Balanitaceae ................................................. 58

Frankincense ( Boswellia sacra Birdw.) ++ Burseraceae................................................................. 62

Black Mustard ( Brassica nigra (L.) W. D. J. Koch ++ Brassicaceae............................................... 65

Boxwood ( Buxus sempervirens L.) + Buxaceae .............................................................................. 69

Giant Milkweed ( Calotropis procera (Willd.) Ait. X Asclepiadaceae............................................ 72

Caper Bush ( Capparis spinosa L.) +++ Capparaceae ..................................................................... 76

Safower ( Carthamus tinctorius L.) +++ Asteraceae ..................................................................... 80

Cedar of Lebanon ( Cedrus libani A. Rich.) ++ Pinaceae................................................................ 84

Purple Star Thistle ( Centaurea calcitrapa L .) + + Asteraceae ....................................................... 86

Spanish Thistle ( Centaurea iberica Spreng.) ++ Asteraceae .......................................................... 88

Syrian Scabious ( Cephalaria syriaca (L.) Roem. & Schult.) + Dipsacaceae.................................. 89

Carob ( Ceratonia siliqua L.) +++ Fabaceae (Caesalpiniaceae)....................................................... 90

Judas Tree ( Cercis siliquastrum L.) ++ Fabaceae............................................................................ 93

Chickpea ( Cicer arietinum L.) +++ Fabaceae ................................................................................. 94

Endive ( Cichorium endivia L.) +++ Asteraceae.............................................................................. 97

Chicory ( Cichorium intybus L.) +++ Asteraceae .......................................................................... 100

Cassia ( Cinnamomum aromaticum Nees) +++ Lauraceae............................................................ 104

Cinnamon ( Cinnamomum verum J. Presl) +++ Lauraceae ........................................................... 108

Ladanum ( Cistus creticus L.) + Cistaceae ..................................................................................... 113

Colocynth ( Citrullus colocynthis (L.) Schrad.) X Cucurbitaceae.................................................. 115

Water melon ( Citrullus lanatus (Thunb.) Matsum. & Nakai.) +++ Cucurbitaceae........................ 118

Citron ( Citrus medica L.) ++ Rutaceae ......................................................................................... 121

African Myrrh ( Commiphora africana (A. Rich.) Engl. ++ Burseraceae..................................... 126

Balm of Gilead ( Commiphora gileadensis (L.) C. Chr.) + Burseraceae ....................................... 128

Abyssinian Myrrh ( Commiphora habessinica (O. Berg) Engl.) + Burseraceae ............................ 130

Myrrh ( Commiphora myrrha (Nees) Engl. and other spp.) ++ Burseraceae ................................. 131

Poison Hemlock ( Conium maculatum L.) X Apiaceae.................................................................. 135

Coriander ( Coriandrum sativum L.) ++ Apiaceae ........................................................................ 138

Saffron ( Crocus sativus L.) ++ Iridaceae ...................................................................................... 143

Melon ( Cucumis melo L.) +++ Cucurbitaceae............................................................................... 148

Cucumber (Cucumis sativus L.) ++ Cucurbitaceae ....................................................................... 151

Cumin ( Cuminum cyminum L.) +++ Apiaceae ............................................................................. 155

Italian Cypress ( Cupressus sempervirens L.) ++ Cupressaceae.................................................... 160

Tu r m e r ic ( Curcuma longa L.) +++ Zingiberaceae ........................................................................ 162

Palmarosa ( Cymbopogon martini (Roxb.) J.F. Watson) ++ Poaceae............................................. 168

Maltese Mushroom ( Cynomorium coccineum L.) ++ Balanophoraceae....................................... 171

Papyrus ( Cyperus papyrus L.) ++ Cyperaceae.............................................................................. 172

Ceylon Ebony ( Diospyros ebenum Koenig.) + Ebenaceae ............................................................ 174

Coromandel ( Diospyros melanoxylon Roxb.) + Ebenaceae .......................................................... 176

Russian Olive ( Elaeagnus angustifolia L.) ++ Elaeagnaceae........................................................ 178

Rocket ( Eruca sativa Mill.) ++ Brassicaceae ................................................................................ 181

Galbanum ( Ferula gummosa Boiss.) + Apiaceae .......................................................................... 185

Fig ( Ficus carica L.) ++ Moraceae................................................................................................ 187

Sycamore Fig ( Ficus sycomorus L.) + Moraceae .......................................................................... 191

Manna (from Fraxinus ornus L.) ++ Oleaceae.............................................................................. 194

Levant Cotton ( Gossypium herbaceum L.) + Malvaceae .............................................................. 197

Gundelia ( Gundelia tournefortii L.) + Asteraceae ........................................................................ 201

English Ivy ( Hedera helix L.) + Araliaceae................................................................................... 202

Barley ( Hordeum vulgare L.) ++ Poaceae ..................................................................................... 205

Hyacinth ( Hyacinthus orientalis name L.) + Liliaceae ................................................................. 210

Golden Henbane ( Hyoscyamus aureus L.) X Solanaceae ............................................................. 212

Egyptian Henbane ( Hyoscyamus muticus L.) X Solanaceae......................................................... 213

Yellow Flag ( Iris Pseudacorus L. ) + Iridaceae.............................................................................. 214

English Walnut ( Juglans regia L.) ++ Juglandaceae ..................................................................... 216

Soft Rush ( Juncus effusus L.) ++ Cyperaceae............................................................................... 221

Grecian Juniper ( Juniperus excelsa M. Bieb) + Cupressaceae...................................................... 224

Cade Juniper (Juniperus oxycedrus L.) + Cupressaceae ............................................................... 226

Phoenician Juniper ( Juniperus phoenicia L.) + Cupressaceae ...................................................... 228

Lettuce ( Lactuca sativa L.) ++ Asteraceae ................................................................................... 229

Calabash Gourd ( Lagenaria siceraria (Molina) Standl.) ++ Cucurbitaceae................................. 233

Bay ( Laurus nobilis L.) ++ Lauraceae........................................................................................... 237

Henna ( Lawsonia inermis L.) ++ Lythraceae................................................................................ 241

Lentil ( Lens culinaris Medik) +++ Fabaceae................................................................................ 245

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