Graphics_with_Maxima.pdf

GraphicswithMAXIMA

(Version5.23andabove)

WilhelmHaager

HTLSt.Pölten,DepartmentElectricalEngineering

wilhelm.haager@htlstp.ac.at

November26,2011

Contents

1Basics

2Gnuplot 3

2.1GnuplotCommands....................................... 3

2.2GnuplotTerminals........................................ 4

2.3Initialization............................................ 5

3GraphicInterfacePlot 6

3.1PlotCommands.......................................... 6

3.2Options............................................... 10

4GraphicInterfaceDraw 14

4.1PlotCommands.......................................... 14

4.22d-GraphicObjects........................................ 15

4.33d-graphicobjects........................................ 19

4.4GeneralOptions......................................... 22

4.5OptionsforLabelsandVectors................................ 26

4.6Optionsfor2d-Graphics..................................... 27

4.7Optionsfor3d-Graphics..................................... 29

Bibliography

1Basics

Maximausestheprogram Gnuplot fordepictinggraphics[2],whichiscalledautomatically,

whenthegraphicisproduced.Twovariousmethodsfordisplayingthegraphicsarepossible:

1.Whencallingthestandardplottingroutines plot2d , plot3d , draw2d , draw3d ,etc.,aGnu-

plotoutputwindowcontainingthegraphicispoppingup.ContinuingworkingwithMax-

imaisnotpossibleuntilthatwindowisclosedagain.TheGnuplotoutputwindowand

À ...GraphicinwxMaximaworkingwindow

Á ...GraphicinGnuplotoutputwindow

Â ...Gnuplotconsole

WilhelmHaager:GraphicswithMAXIMA

1Basics

consequentlythegraphictoocanberesizedusingthemouse.Measurementscanbeper-

formedin2d-plotswiththemouse,3d-plotscanberotatedinanyarbitrarydirection.

Right-clickingthewindowtitleopensacontextmenu,whichenablesprintingthegraphic

andopeningtheGnuplotconsole.Usingthatconsolewindow,Gnuplotcanbeusedasa

separateprogram,evenindependentlyofMaxima.

2.Whenpreceedingtheletters“ wx ”tothenamesoftheplottingroutines( wxplot2d ,

wxplot3d , wxdraw2d , wxdraw3d ,...),PNG-graphicsareproducedinscreenresolutionand

placeddirectlyintothewxMaximaworkingwindow.Asthegraphicsremainvisibleduring

theentireMaximasession,thatmethodisbeneﬁcialforinteractivework.Rightclicking

thegraphicenablescopyingintotheclipboardorsavingasaﬁle.Nevertheless,duetoits

lowresolution,furtheruseofagraphicproducedinthatwayisnotreasonable.

TwovariousGnuplotinterfacesareavailable,theMaximastandardfunctionswiththestem

“plot”inthefunctionnames,aswellastheroutinesoftheadditionalpackage Draw [3]withthe

stem“draw”inthefunctionnames.

Theroutinesofthepackage Draw areadmittedlyslightlymorecomplicatedconcerningtheir

usage,buttheyaremoreﬂexiblethanthestandardroutinesandoffermuchmorepossibilities

toadaptthegraphicswiththeaidofoptionstoparticularrequirements.Furthermoreitis

possible,tosetoutputformat(eps,png,jpg,etc.)andoutputtarget(i.e.theﬁlename)inthe

gnuplotconsole after thegraphichasbeenproduced,whichisappearentlynotpossiblewhen

usingthestandardroutinesoftheGnuplotinterface Plot .

WilhelmHaager:GraphicswithMAXIMA

2Gnuplot

Gnuplotisacomand-lineorientedplotprogram.WhencalledbyMaxima,theinputofcom-

mandsintotheGnuplotconsolewindowisnotnecessaryingeneral,butcanbehelpful,espe-

ciallywhenusingtheGnuplotinterface Draw .Forthatreasonthebasicprinciplesandthe(few)

mostinportantcommandsofGnuplotareexplainedbelow.

2.1GnuplotCommands

plot f(x)opts Plottingthefunction f(x) withtheoptions opts ;

fundamentalcommandforproducinggraphics,but

thereisnoneedforitwithinMaxima.

replot Plottingagraphicanew,occasionallywithchanged

settings

setterminal termopts Settingtheoutputformat,ifnecessary,withadditional

options opts .

setoutput" ﬁlename " Settingtheoutputtarget(ﬁlenamewiththe

appropriateextension)

setsize xscale , yscale Scalingthediagramwithrespecttothesizeofthe

entiregraﬁc

setsizeratio n Setstheaspectratioheight/widthofthediagram

show item Showstheactualvalueof item .

cd" directory " Changestheworkingdirectoryfortheoutputﬁle

pwd Showstheworkingdirectory

load" ﬁlename " LoadsabatchofGnuplotcommandsfromtheﬁle

ﬁlename .

set/unsetkey Turnsthelege!ison/off

set/unsethidden3d Turnsthevisibilityofhiddenlinesin3d-plotson/off

set/unsetgrid Turnsthecoordinategridon/off

setcntrparam spez Controlscontourlinesinacontour-plot

setview rotxrotzscalescaley Setstheviewpointof3d-plots

quit ExitingGnuplot;notusedwithinMaxima.

ImportantGnuplotCommands

GnuplotcommandsareinputintotheGnuplotconsolelinebyline;onelinecancontainsev-

eralcommands,separatedbysemicolons.Commandsandparametersareseparatedbyspaces,

particularcoordinatesbycolons.Coordinate ranges havetheform [ x 1 : x 2 ] .

WilhelmHaager:GraphicswithMAXIMA

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