{1108}{1210}When the dinosaurs disappeared|so too did the gigantic {1198}{1306}marine reptiles that once|terrorised the oceans. {1304}{1418}For almost twenty-five million|years there was nothing around {1404}{1454}to eat the sharks. {1541}{1659}But there are now awesome new|monsters of the deep. {1916}{1997}The giant whales have arrived. {1994}{2115}Forget the gentle filter feeders|of the twenty-first century. {2099}{2222}These days every whale is a killer. {2680}{2796}lt is the late Eocene and the|world is still a hot one. {2783}{2884}However it is drier than before|and so where once the land {2872}{2947}was completely covered|in lush rainforest {2939}{3017}there are now more open spaces. {3009}{3088}Freed from the constraints of|living in dense forest {3080}{3162}some mammals have started|to get larger. {3155}{3268}Here on the scrub plains|big is beautiful. {3409}{3471}These changes have not|suited everyone. {3465}{3556}The large killer birds are no|longer much in evidence, {3545}{3672}replaced on most continents|by fearsome new mammal predators. {3791}{3901}Like dinosaurs before them mammals|dominate the planet. {3887}{3988}But they are about to undergo|their severest challenge. {3987}{4098}The climate change the world|has seen so f ar is mild {4085}{4164}compared to what is coming. {4241}{4355}This programme is about the|beginning of primate chaos {4400}{4494}The problem starts not on land|but in the ocean and affects {4483}{4564}even the mightiest of mammals. {4602}{4708}This is the legendary Tethys|a tropical sea that {4695}{4797}stretches almost half way round|the world and has connected {4785}{4902}Asia with the Atlantic since the|time of the dinosaurs. {4894}{5021}lt is now home to one of the|mammal's biggest success stories. {5273}{5405}Basilosaurus - eighteen metres|of predatory whale. {5434}{5527}Four times the length of|a Great White Shark. {5516}{5599}This female weighs sixty tons {5738}{5913}lncredible to think then their ancestors|were tiny furry shrew like animals {5888}{5940}that lived in trees. {6312}{6410}At this time of year off|the coast of the Northern Tethys {6399}{6478}Basilosaurus gather to mate. {6760}{6867}A female is being eagerly pursued|by several males. {6856}{6976}But it is the eldest and biggest|male that she chooses to mate with {7035}{7169}Mating is not an easy task for two|such huge free floating animals {7151}{7219}they need a little extra help. {7212}{7312}As the successful male manoeuvres|into position he calls upon {7300}{7412}one small legacy of their distant|land ancestors. {7564}{7670}Basilosaurus retain two|tiny back legs. {7657}{7729}These are useless for walking|or even swimming, {7722}{7800}but they are used to help lock|their long narrow bodies {7792}{7856}together during mating. {7850}{7964}The whales of the future will|lose these legs altogether. {8444}{8537}The courtship is over but as|it will turn out, {8526}{8622}a natural disaster that is|looming is about to make things {8611}{8691}very tough indeed for|marine life. {8777}{8875}This female's f ate is being|influenced by events f ar f ar {8863}{8929}away in the Antarctic. {8928}{9014}For the first time in hundreds of|millions of years the sea {9003}{9140}is freezing at the Poles, throwing|ocean currents into turmoil. {9172}{9270}For a whale that needs on average|eighty kilograms of food a day, {9258}{9368}the slightest change of fish|stocks is bad news. {9364}{9458}She is at the top of a food chain|that is about to collapse and {9447}{9535}she has just become pregnant. {9783}{9892}The ocean currents are also|starting to disrupt the climate {9878}{9990}and have already affected weather|patterns along the Tethys coastline. {9977}{10089}Many areas used to high rainf all|have suffered prolonged {10074}{10117}drought this year. {10209}{10360}Despite these problems life|ploughs on as best it can. {10443}{10536}But the drought can have some|pretty nasty side-effects. {10531}{10621}This is Andrewsarchus, a huge|carnivore as tall as a horse {10611}{10689}and weighing close to a ton. {10688}{10776}Normally he wanders inland in|search of food, {10765}{10854}but the drought has driven him|onto the beach. {10867}{10970}Bad news for the exhausted turtles|struggling back to the water {10958}{11009}after a night laying eggs. {11063}{11122}At first the Andrewsarchus seems|a little unsure of {11117}{11209}what to do with these curious|shelled creatures. {11302}{11359}He is more used to picking|over the carcasses {11355}{11409}of giant herbivores. {11474}{11551}Despite appearance|Andrewsarchus is not related {11543}{11630}to modern scavengers like dogs|or hyenas. {11623}{11731}Bizarrely he has hooves on his|feet instead of claws. {11765}{11843}ln f act his nearest modern|relatives are hoofed {11834}{11905}animals like sheep and goats ... {11999}{12123}He is in a sense a sheep|in wolf's clothing. {12120}{12248}He is also the largest mammal|carnivore ever to walk the earth. {12233}{12336}His huge one metre long jaws are|designed to crush anything, {12329}{12441}so the turtle's main defence|is of little use. {12754}{12896}During droughts scavengers often do well|but in the long run the hoofed {12876}{12981}predators will not adapt quickly enough|to changes in the climate. {12969}{13039}He is the last of a dying breed. {13176}{13272}Months have passed and the erratic|ocean currents have disturbed {13261}{13363}the fish stock so much that|the female Basilosaurus is searching {13349}{13464}for food hundreds of miles from her|usual hunting grounds. {13469}{13572}Four months pregnant, her situation|has become critical. {13559}{13673}She is now forced to hunt|in the most unlikely places. {13726}{13814}Lining the southern edges of|the Tethys are endless {13805}{13867}expanses of mangrove swamp. {14093}{14213}ln the Eocene it's a vast thriving|network of waterways, {14203}{14281}but believe it or not you are looking|at what will become one of {14273}{14405}the driest areas on the planet|the Sahara Desert. {14599}{14740}lt's hardly a classic hunting ground|for an ocean-going whale, {14721}{14836}but she is desperate and there is|prey here of a sort. {14919}{15045}ln the labyrinth of tidal channels|her size is a real handicap, {15028}{15088}but hunger draws her in. {15144}{15226}Watching from the branches|above are primates. {15219}{15339}These are Apidium that live in highly|social groups and word quickly {15324}{15399}gets around when a threat is spotted. {15601}{15702}Other creatures here are oblivious|to the new danger. {15743}{15894}The amphibious mammal Moeritherium|is too large to be bothered {15873}{15932}by the usual predators|such as crocodiles, {15928}{16067}so they ignore the chattering primates|and return to the business of eating. {16084}{16203}The Apidium move away from the channel|and continue through the mangroves {16188}{16248}looking for fruiting trees. {16245}{16338}Because different trees fruit at|different times they often have {16326}{16377}to cross the waterways. {16374}{16441}This is a very risky activity. {16435}{16516}There are sharks and crocodiles|to worry about ... {16517}{16589}and now there is a whale as well. {16888}{16985}lt's a leap of f aith,|but leaping is one thing {16974}{17033}Apidium are very good at. {17145}{17245}The whale is frustrated for the moment. {17437}{17539}With the rising tide however some|waterways become too wide to {17527}{17642}jump and the Apidium have to find more|hazardous ways across closer {17628}{17678}to the water. {18081}{18148}Today their nightmare came true. {18166}{18200}lt was a shark. {18288}{18344}They certainly won't cross now, {18341}{18414}they'll have to wait for|the tide to go down. {18799}{18909}By contrast the water isn't usually|dangerous for the Moeritherium. {18898}{18956}They spend most of their day here. {19006}{19107}Although they are shaped like hippos|and look a bit like pigs, {19095}{19168}Moeritherium are related to neither. {19193}{19270}Look closely though and the|Moeritherium's nose betrays {19262}{19329}its true f amily connection. {19322}{19425}The nostrils and lip have joined|together to become one dextrous {19413}{19507}muscular unit which helps|them forage for food. {19504}{19580}This is in f act a type of trunk. {19573}{19687}These benign herbivores are early|relatives of the elephant. {19699}{19835}At around two hundred kilograms|they are too big for the sharks. {19882}{19965}One Moeritherium heads off|for pastures new ... {20022}{20148}But he is heading straight for|the jaws of the female Basilosaurus. {20458}{20556}The Moeritherium scrabbles onto|dry land just in time. {20881}{20984}But the hungry Basilosaurus|isn't about to give up yet. {21550}{21671}Dry land and safety are only|temporary things in the mangroves. {21847}{21950}The water still has some way to rise|and most solid ground will {21938}{22083}become seabed in just a few hours|time as the high tide sweeps in. {22305}{22433}The Basilosaurus will soon be able|to reach the stranded Moertherium. {23235}{23341}ln her desperation she has attacked|too early and run aground. {23884}{23973}By the time the whale has worked|herself free the Moeritherium {23961}{24048}has escaped to the shallower channels|where even the starving {24038}{24099}Basilosaurus won't follow. {24095}{24162}For the whale, the mangroves|are turning out to be no {24155}{24210}better than the open sea. {24362}{24464}The Eocene El Nino continues|to wreak havoc. {24458}{24545}The weather patterns that|animals rely on are confused. {24547}{24657}ln the Northern Tethys the rains|have come, but six weeks {24643}{24684}later than usual. {24929}{25058}And then instead of lasting months|they are over in a few weeks. {25216}{25321}ln the scrubland the rains have|finally provided new growth, {25310}{25437}but the damage caused by the prolonged|drought has alrea...
zenek.szlachetny