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STANDARD
HANDBOOK
OF MACHINE DESIGN
Joseph E. Shigley Editor mcmef
Late Professor Emeritus
The University of Michigan
Ann Arbor, Michigan
Charles R. Mischke Editor in chief
Professor Emeritus of Mechanical Engineering
Iowa State University
Ames, Iowa
Thomas H. Brown, Jr. Editor >n chief
Faculty Associate
Institute for Transportation Research and Education
North Carolina State University
Raleigh, North Carolina
Third Edition
MCGRAW-HILL
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Copyright © 2004, 1996 by The McGraw-Hill Companies, Inc. All rights
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the United States Copyright Act of 1976, no part of this publication may
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CONTRIBUTORS
Thomas H. Brown, Jr. Faculty Associate, Institute for Transportation Research and Educa-
tion, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NG (CHAR 1)
R. B. Bhat Associate Professor, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia Univer-
sity, Montreal, Quebec, Canada (CHAP. 31)
Sachindranarayan Bhaduri Associate Professor, Mechanical and Industrial Engineering
Department, The University of Texas at El Paso, El Paso, Tex. (CHAP. 39)
John H. Bickford Retired Vice President, Manager of the Power-Dyne Division, Raymond
Engineering Inc., Middletown, Conn. (CHAP. 22)
Omer W. Blodgett Design Consultant, The Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland, Ohio
(CHAP. 26)
Daniel M. Curtis Senior Mechanical Engineer, NKF Engineering, Inc., Arlington, Va. (CHAP. 7)
Daniel E. Czernik Director of Product Engineering, Fel-Pro Inc., Skokie, 111. (CHAP. 25)
Joseph Datsko Professor of Mechanical Engineering Emeritus, The University of Michigan,
Ann Arbor, Mich. (CHAP. 32)
Raymond J. Drago Senior Engineer, Advanced Power Train Technology, Boeing Vertol,
Philadelphia, Pa. (CHAP. 10)
K. S. Edwards Professor of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Texas at El Paso, Tex.
(CHAP. 12)
Rudolph J. Eggert Associate Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of Idaho,
Boise, Idaho (CHAP. 13)
Wolfram Funk Professor, Fachbereich Maschinenbau, Fachgebiet Maschinenelemente und
Getriebetechnik, Universitat der Bundeswehr Hamburg, Hamburg, Germany (CHAP. 14)
Richard E. Gustavson Technical Staff Member, The Charles Draper Laboratory, Inc., Cam-
bridge, Mass. (CHAP. 3)
Harry Herman Professor of Mechanical Engineering, New Jersey Institute of Technology,
Newark, NJ. (CHAP. 30)
R. Bruce Hopkins The Hopkins Engineering Co., Cedar Falls, Iowa (CHAP. 21)
Robert J. Hotchkiss Director, Gear Technology, Gleason Machine Division, Rochester, NY.
(CHAP. 11)
Robert E. Joerres Applications Engineering Manager, Associated Spring, Barnes Group
Inc., Bristol, Conn. (CHAP. 6)
Harold L. Johnson Associate Professor Emeritus, School of Mechanical Engineering, Geor-
gia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, Ga. (CHAP. 5)
Theo J. Keith, Jr. Professor and Chairman of Mechanical Engineering, University of Toledo,
Toledo, Ohio (CHAP. 19)
Theodore K. Krenzer Director of Research and Development, Gleason Machine Division,
Rochester, NY. (CHAP. 11)
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A. R. Lansdown Director, Swansea Tribology Centre, University of Swansea, United King-
dom, (CHAR 20)
Kenneth C. Ludema Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Department of Mechanical
Engineering and Applied Mechanics, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich. (CHAP. 34)
Charles R. Mischke Professor of Mechanical Engineering Emeritus, Iowa State University,
Ames, Iowa, (CHAPS. 17,18,27,28,29,33,37)
Andrzej A. Oledzki Professor Emeritus, Warsaw Technical University, Warsaw, Poland
(CHAP. 4)
Richard S. Sabo Manager, Educational Services, The Lincoln Electric Company, Cleveland,
Ohio (CHAR 26)
T. S. Sankar Professor and Chairman, Department of Mechanical Engineering, Concordia
University, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, (CHAR 31)
Howard B. Schwerdlin Engineering Manager, Lovejoy, Inc., Downers Grove, 111. (CHAR 16)
Joseph E. Shigley Professor Emeritus, The University of Michigan, Ann Arbor, Mich.
(CHAPS. 9,23,24,27,28,36,38, Appendix)
L. E. Torfason Professor of Mechanical Engineering, University of New Brunswick, Freder-
icton, New Brunswick, Canada (CHAR 2)
Milton G. WiIIe Professor of Mechanical Engineering, Brigham Young University, Provo,
Utah, (CHAR 35)
John L. Wright General Product Manager, Diamond Chain Company, Indianapolis, Ind.
(CHAR 15)
John R. Zimmerman Professor of Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering, University of
Delaware, Newark, Del. (CHAR 8)
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FOREWORD
Machines evolve. Not biologically, of course, but they evolve nonetheless, from a
fragment of an idea or dream to a fully functional mechanical marvel—at least in the
eyes of the designer. Machine design is one of the most rewarding activities to which
a person can contribute; it is incredibly complex. For some designers, their unique
and magical designs, or machine elements, have become a legacy for future genera-
tions.
For most of us who are engineers, we will likely not leave a design legacy; but the
joy in using what others have devised can be intoxicating. One design project leads
to another, and that project leads to yet another. While this process can be hectic,
sometimes at the mercy of a difficult schedule, in the end you are proud—proud of
what you have done in meeting the design requirements, proud to have met the
schedule, and proud of how you have used the seemingly endless variety of machine
design elements available to you.
The purpose of the Standard Handbook of Machine Design has been, from its
inception, to provide the mechanical designer, within in a single reference, the most
comprehensive and up-to-date information about what is available and how to uti-
lize it effectively and efficiently. The original authors, Joseph E. Shigley and Charles
R. Mischke, two of the most well-known and respected individuals in the mechani-
cal engineering community, assembled experts in every field of machine design:
mechanisms and linkages, cams, gear trains, springs, flywheels, clutches, brakes, gear
designs of every type, belts, chains, couplings, design of shafts, all manner of roller
bearings, journal bearings, lubrication selection, bolts and mechanical fasteners,
welding, failure analysis, vibration, performance of engineering materials, wear, cor-
rosion, and classical stress and deformation calculations. This incredible wealth of
information, which would otherwise have to be researched in dozens of books and
hundreds of scientific and professional papers, was organized by these experts into
distinct chapters, as many as 50 in the Second Edition. Here in the Third Edition, the
39 chapters have been grouped into nine broad topic areas of related material. Each
chapter stands on its own and, for the veteran designer, provides direct access to a
specific area of interest or need.
The Standard Handbook of Machine Design is a unique reference, capturing the
breadth and depth of what we know and trust. May what you discover and apply
from these pages contribute to a successful design, one that will delight not only the
designer but those who ultimately find value and long service in the machine that
has evolved.
Thomas H. Brown, Jr.
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