[1146143818]Watson B. - C# 4.0 How-To.pdf - infanata 2011 08 - valdemaroff

BEN WATSON

C # 4.0

HOW-TO

800 East 96th Street, Indianapolis, Indiana 46240 USA

C# 4.0 How-To

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information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in

the preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsi-

bility for errors or omissions. Nor is any liability assumed for damages

resulting from the use of the information contained herein.

ISBN-13: 978-0-672-33063-6

ISBN-10: 0-672-33063-6

Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data

Watson, Ben, 1980–

C# 4.0 how-to / Ben Watson.

p. cm.

Includes index.

ISBN 978-0-672-33063-6 (pbk. : alk. paper) 1. C# (Computer program

language) I. Title.

QA76.73.C154W38 2010

005.13’3—dc22

Editor-in-Chief

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2010002735

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Printed in the United States of America

First Printing March 2010

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Contents at a Glance

Introduction ............................................................................................ 1

Part I: C# Fundamentals

Type Fundamentals ................................................................................. 7

Creating Versatile Types ........................................................................ 27

General Coding .................................................................................... 45

Exceptions ........................................................................................... 63

Numbers .............................................................................................. 77

Enumerations ....................................................................................... 99

Strings ............................................................................................... 109

Regular Expressions ........................................................................... 131

Generics ............................................................................................ 139

Part II: Handling Data

Collections ......................................................................................... 155

Files and Serialization ......................................................................... 177

Networking and the Web ..................................................................... 201

Databases ......................................................................................... 237

XML ................................................................................................... 261

Part III: User Interaction

Delegates, Events, and Anonymous Methods ........................................ 279

Windows Forms .................................................................................. 295

Graphics with Windows Forms and GDI+ .............................................. 329

WPF ................................................................................................... 365

ASP.NET ............................................................................................ 401

Silverlight ........................................................................................... 443

Part IV: Advanced C#

LINQ .................................................................................................. 461

Memory Management ......................................................................... 473

Threads, Asynchronous, and Parallel Programming ................................ 491

Reflection and Creating Plugins ........................................................... 519

Application Patterns and Tips .............................................................. 529

Interacting with the OS and Hardware .................................................. 575

Fun Stuff and Loose Ends ................................................................... 597

Essential Tools ................................................................................... 621

Index ................................................................................................. 633

Table of Contents

Introduction 1

Overview of C# 4.0 How-To ................................................................... 1

How-To Benefit from This Book ............................................................. 1

How-To Continue Expanding Your Knowledge .......................................... 3

Part I: C# Fundamentals

1 Type Fundamentals 7

Create a Class ..................................................................................... 8

Define Fields, Properties, and Methods ................................................. 9

Define Static Members ....................................................................... 10

Add a Constructor .............................................................................. 11

Initialize Properties at Construction ..................................................... 12

Use const and readonly ................................................................... 13

Reuse Code in Multiple Constructors .................................................. 14

Derive from a Class ........................................................................... 14

Call a Base Class Constructor ............................................................ 15

Override a Base Class’s Method or Property ........................................ 16

Create an Interface ............................................................................ 19

Implement Interfaces ......................................................................... 19

Create a Struct .................................................................................. 21

Create an Anonymous Type ................................................................. 22

Prevent Instantiation with an Abstract Base Class ................................ 23

Interface or Abstract Base Class? ....................................................... 24

2 Creating Versatile Types 27

Format a Type with ToString() .......................................................... 28

Make Types Equatable ........................................................................ 32

Make Types Hashable with GetHashCode() ......................................... 34

Make Types Sortable .......................................................................... 34

Give Types an Index ........................................................................... 36

Notify Clients when Changes Happen .................................................. 38

Overload Appropriate Operators .......................................................... 39

Convert One Type to Another ............................................................... 40

Prevent Inheritance ............................................................................ 41

Allow Value Type to Be Null ................................................................. 42

Contents

3 General Coding 45

Declare Variables ............................................................................... 46

Defer Type Checking to Runtime (Dynamic Types) ................................. 47

Use Dynamic Typing to Simplify COM Interop ........................................ 49

Declare Arrays ................................................................................... 50

Create Multidimensional Arrays ........................................................... 50

Alias a Namespace ............................................................................ 51

Use the Conditional Operator ( ?: ) ....................................................... 52

Use the Null-Coalescing Operator ( ?? ) ................................................. 53

Add Methods to Existing Types with Extension Methods ........................ 54

Call Methods with Default Parameters ................................................. 55

Call Methods with Named Parameters ................................................. 56

Defer Evaluation of a Value Until Referenced ....................................... 57

Enforce Code Contracts ...................................................................... 58

4 Exceptions 63

Throw an Exception ............................................................................ 64

Catch an Exception ............................................................................ 64

Catch Multiple Exceptions ................................................................... 65

Rethrow an Exception ......................................................................... 66

(Almost) Guarantee Execution with finally ......................................... 67

Get Useful Information from an Exception ............................................ 68

Create Your Own Exception Class ........................................................ 70

Catch Unhandled Exceptions ............................................................... 72

Usage Guidelines ............................................................................... 76

5 Numbers 77

Decide Between Float , Double , and Decimal ..................................... 78

Use Enormous Integers ( BigInteger ) ................................................. 79

Use Complex Numbers ....................................................................... 80

Format Numbers in a String ................................................................ 82

Convert a String to a Number ............................................................. 86

Convert Between Number Bases ......................................................... 87

Convert a Number to Bytes (and Vice Versa) ........................................ 89

Determine if an Integer Is Even ........................................................... 91

Determine if an Integer Is a Power of 2 (aka, A Single Bit Is Set) .......... 91

Determine if a Number Is Prime .......................................................... 91

Count the Number of 1 Bits ................................................................ 92

Convert Degrees and Radians ............................................................. 93

Round Numbers ................................................................................. 93

Generate Better Random Numbers ...................................................... 96

Generate Unique IDs (GUIDs) .............................................................. 97

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