Roses. Pruning.PDF

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Pruning Roses

Pruning is an important and necessary step in

growing roses. Pruning keeps the plant healthy.

It promotes new growth, removes dead, broken or

diseased canes and trains roses to a desired shape.

Pruning encourages flowering, either more blooms

or larger blooms, and is essential to keep modern

rose varieties blooming repeatedly all summer long.

pruners tend to crush the stems. Leather gloves will

help protect your hands.

The first step in pruning roses is the same for all

rose types. Remove all dead, damaged or weak

stems leaving only the most vigorous,

healthy canes.

WHEN TO PRUNE

Roses need different types and timing of pruning

depending on their variety. Repeat blooming roses

such as floribunda and hybrid tea roses need a

heavy annual pruning that is done in the spring, just

as the buds break dormancy. This could be mid-to

late February near the coast to mid-April in the

mountains. The best way to judge when to prune is

to look at the buds; when they begin to swell, go

ahead and prune.

When pruning, check to make sure the stems show

no sign of discoloration. The center of the canes

(rose stems) should be white and plump, not brown

and withered. If they appear diseased, you will

need to cut farther down into healthy wood. If no

live buds remain, remove the entire cane. Dip your

pruning shears periodically in a 70 percent alcohol

solution to avoid spreading diseases.

Prune the bush to make it more open in the center.

This will increase air circulation and help prevent

diseases. Since rose bushes send out new growth

from the bud just below a pruning cut, try to make

pruning cuts above a leaf bud facing out from the

center of the plant. Make a cut ¼ inch above the

bud and angled at the same angle as the bud.

Whenever two canes cross each other, one can

be removed.

Old-fashioned roses and climbers that bloom only

once a year should be pruned immediately after

flowering. Do not prune these types of roses

heavily in the early spring since they bloom on

wood from the previous year’s growth.

Dead, diseased or damaged wood on any rose

should be removed as soon as it is seen.

Deadheading is cutting off faded old flowers. Old

blooms left on the plant may begin to form hips

(rose fruit). Hips are often very attractive and can

be left on some roses for winter interest and bird

food. Hybrid tea roses and other roses that can

rebloom should not be allowed to form hips, so that

the plant will put its energy into flowering.

PRUNING TECHNIQUES

Certain pruning techniques are appropriate for all

roses. Following this section on general rose

pruning, you will find instructions for specific types

of roses.

To prune roses you will need sharp pruning shears;

long-handled lopping shears; and a pruning saw for

any large, heavy, old stems. Bypass pruners (they

cut like a pair of scissors) are much better for

pruning roses than anvil-type pruners. Anvil

To deadhead, remove the flower by making a

diagonal cut just above the next five or seven-leaf

branch down on the stem. This should be above a

strong bud that will produce a healthy cane.

All pruning cuts on canes greater than the thickness

of a pencil should be sealed with nail polish or

wood glue to prevent cane borers from entering.

stems at least one year old on most running or

climbing roses. The stems that you leave will bear

next year’s flowers. Climbers that bloom on the

current season’s growth can be pruned more

severely.

PRUNING DIFFERENT TYPES OF ROSES

Prune weak-growing varieties lightly and vigorous

varieties more severely. Prune first-year plants

lightly to allow them to put more energy into

establishing a strong root system.

When pruning large and tangled climbing roses, be

careful not to damage healthy stems while removing

the stems to be discarded. It is easier to remove

most stems in sections.

Hybrid Teas, Floribundas and Grandifloras:

Modern reblooming roses are pruned in the early

spring just as the buds begin to swell. Prune hard if

you want large blooms suitable for cut flowers.

This will produce fewer total blooms. In the spring,

cut out all but three to five of the healthiest, most

vigorous canes. Prune these canes down to 15 to 18

inches from ground level.

Old Garden Roses: Old roses do not need the hard

pruning that is needed by many modern roses. Hard

pruning can ruin their graceful shape and severely

reduce their flowering. Preserve the informal habit

of old garden roses by removing no more than one-

third of each bush. Generally, remove only the

oldest stems that are no longer productive.

Keep any weak, small or short stems pruned away.

Generally with hybrid teas, any cane thinner than a

pencil should be removed.

Most old garden roses bloom once in a season.

Prune immediately after bloom to keep old roses

under control and vigorous. Leave some of the

bright red hips for fall and winter color.

In the late fall, prune roses back by about one-third

of their height. This helps prevent breaking of

canes in winter winds.

Miniature Roses: Everblooming varieties can be

lightly trimmed or tip-pruned several times a year,

as they flower on new growth.

Climbing Roses: Old-fashioned rambling roses

and one-time spring-blooming climbers produce

best shoots growing off one-year-old wood, and

they should not be pruned until after they flower.

Prepared by Karen Russ, HGIC Information Specialist and Bob

Polomski, Extension Consumer Horticulturist, Clemson University

This information is supplied with the understanding that no

discrimination is intended and no endorsement by the Clemson

University Cooperative Extension Service is implied. All

recommendations are for South Carolina conditions and may not

apply to other areas. All recommendations for pesticide use are for

South Carolina only and were legal at the time of publication, but the

status of registration and use patterns are subject to change by action

of state and federal regulatory agencies. Follow all directions,

precautions and restrictions that are listed. (New 6/99)

Cut away all weak or damaged stems and remove

the oldest canes, leaving five to seven strong canes

untouched. Remember that flowers are produced on

The Clemson University Cooperative Extension Service

offers its programs to people of all ages, regardless of race, color, sex, religion, national origin, disability, political beliefs, sexual orientation, marital or family status and is an equal opportunity employer.

Clemson University Cooperating with U.S. Department of Agriculture, South Carolina Counties, Extension Service, Clemson, South Carolina. Issued in Furtherance of Cooperative Extension Work in

Agriculture and Home Economics, Acts of May 8 and June 30, 1914

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