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Beginning Red Hat Linux 9
Table of Contents
Beginning Red Hat Linux 9...............................................................................................................................1
Introduction.........................................................................................................................................................4
Who Is This Book For?...........................................................................................................................4
What You Need to Use This Book.........................................................................................................4
What Is Linux?........................................................................................................................................5
Linus Torvalds and the Birth of Linux.............................................................................................5
Why Choose Linux?.........................................................................................................................6
What Is Red Hat Linux 9?................................................................................................................7
What Is Covered in This Book?..............................................................................................................8
Conventions in This Book......................................................................................................................9
Customer Support.................................................................................................................................10
Source Code and Updates...............................................................................................................10
Errata..............................................................................................................................................11
Technical Suppor...........................................................................................................................11
p2p.wrox.com.................................................................................................................................11
Chapter 1: Installing Red Hat Linux 9..........................................................................................................13
Overview...............................................................................................................................................13
Preparing for the Installation................................................................................................................14
The Software..................................................................................................................................14
The Hardware.................................................................................................................................14
Network Details..............................................................................................................................16
Getting Help...................................................................................................................................17
The Installation.....................................................................................................................................17
Booting off the CD.........................................................................................................................17
Testing the Media...........................................................................................................................18
The Graphical Installation Launch.................................................................................................20
Selecting the Default Language.....................................................................................................21
Selecting the Keyboard..................................................................................................................21
Selecting the Mouse.......................................................................................................................22
Selecting an Installation Type........................................................................................................22
Setting up the Disk Partitions.........................................................................................................23
Setting the Boot Loader..................................................................................................................25
Setting the Network Parameters.....................................................................................................26
Setting up the Firewall...................................................................................................................28
Setting Additional Language Support............................................................................................29
Setting the Time Zone....................................................................................................................30
Root Account Configuration..........................................................................................................30
Selecting Packages for Installation.................................................................................................31
The Automatic Installation Process................................................................................................32
Creating a Boot Disk......................................................................................................................33
Setting up the GUI..........................................................................................................................34
Finishing.........................................................................................................................................36
Booting Up.....................................................................................................................................36
First Boot........................................................................................................................................36
Logging In......................................................................................................................................39
Summary...............................................................................................................................................40
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Table of Contents
Chapter 2: Red Hat Linux 9 Basics................................................................................................................41
Overview...............................................................................................................................................41
Moving Around the Desktop................................................................................................................41
Using Applications.........................................................................................................................43
Shutting Down the Computer.........................................................................................................49
The File System....................................................................................................................................50
The File System Hierarchy.............................................................................................................50
Adding Devices to the Filesystem..................................................................................................54
Navigating in the File System........................................................................................................57
Managing the Hardware........................................................................................................................60
Finding the Existing Hardware.......................................................................................................61
Configuring the Desktop.......................................................................................................................71
Using the Desktop Control Center.................................................................................................71
Managing Processes..............................................................................................................................73
Managing Users....................................................................................................................................78
Summary...............................................................................................................................................80
Chapter 3: Connecting to the Internet...........................................................................................................82
Overview...............................................................................................................................................82
Connecting to the Interne.....................................................................................................................82
Network Configuration Tool..........................................................................................................83
Analog Modem Connections..........................................................................................................84
High−bandwidth Connections........................................................................................................86
Connecting to a LAN.....................................................................................................................88
Other Connection Types.................................................................................................................89
Managing Multiple ISPs and Connections...........................................................................................90
Software and Configuration..................................................................................................................94
Web Browsers................................................................................................................................94
E−mail and News Clients...............................................................................................................97
Other Software...............................................................................................................................99
Summary.............................................................................................................................................102
Chapter 4: Installing Software.....................................................................................................................103
Overview.............................................................................................................................................103
What Is RPM?.....................................................................................................................................103
The RPM Package Management (GUI) Too...............................................................................104
The RPM Command Line Tool..........................................................................................................110
Querying Packages.......................................................................................................................110
RPM Package Security.................................................................................................................113
Installing Packages.......................................................................................................................115
Removing Packages.....................................................................................................................117
Upgrading Packages.....................................................................................................................118
Verifying Package Integrity.........................................................................................................119
Package Installation in TAR Forma...................................................................................................119
Summary.............................................................................................................................................121
Chapter 5: Everyday Applications...............................................................................................................123
Overview.............................................................................................................................................123
Office Applications.............................................................................................................................123
Red Hat Linux and Office Applications.......................................................................................124
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Table of Contents
Chapter 5: Everyday Applications
Installing Office Applications......................................................................................................125
Starting an OpenOffice Application.............................................................................................126
Common Functionality.................................................................................................................127
Conversion Quality and Considerations.......................................................................................133
Using OpenWriter for Word Processing......................................................................................133
Using OpenCalc for Spreadsheets................................................................................................134
Using OpenImpress for Presentations..........................................................................................135
Internet Applications...........................................................................................................................136
The Mozilla Web Browser...........................................................................................................136
The GAIM Instant Messenger Application..................................................................................138
Personal Information Managemen.....................................................................................................140
Installing Evolution......................................................................................................................140
Setting up Evolution.....................................................................................................................140
Using Evolution............................................................................................................................141
Importing E−mail from other Systems.........................................................................................146
Multimedia Applications....................................................................................................................147
Audio Applications.......................................................................................................................148
Graphics Applications..................................................................................................................154
System Applications...........................................................................................................................156
A Simple Text Editor...................................................................................................................156
A File Management Application..................................................................................................157
A File Compression and Archiving Application..........................................................................158
Emulators......................................................................................................................................159
Summary.............................................................................................................................................160
Chapter 6: The Shell......................................................................................................................................161
Overview.............................................................................................................................................161
The Shell as a Command Line Interface.............................................................................................161
Different Types of Shell...............................................................................................................162
Built−in Programs and External Programs.........................................................................................163
Some Common Shell Commands.......................................................................................................164
File System Commands................................................................................................................164
Process Management Commands.................................................................................................168
Administrative Commands...........................................................................................................170
Special Keys and Shortcuts.................................................................................................................172
Control Keystrokes.......................................................................................................................172
Cursor Keys..................................................................................................................................173
Auto−completion..........................................................................................................................175
Command Line Syntax.......................................................................................................................176
File Globbing................................................................................................................................176
Aliases..........................................................................................................................................178
Environment Variables.................................................................................................................179
I/O Redirection.............................................................................................................................180
Configuring the Shell..........................................................................................................................182
Managing Tasks..................................................................................................................................183
Processes......................................................................................................................................184
Job Control...................................................................................................................................184
Scheduling Tasks..........................................................................................................................185
Shell Scripting.....................................................................................................................................186
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Table of Contents
Chapter 6: The Shell
Variables.......................................................................................................................................187
Literal Usage of Special Characters.............................................................................................187
Conditional Constructs.................................................................................................................188
Loops............................................................................................................................................190
Summary.............................................................................................................................................191
Chapter 7: The File System...........................................................................................................................192
Overview.............................................................................................................................................192
What Is the File System?....................................................................................................................192
The Anatomy of a File..................................................................................................................192
File Search Utilities............................................................................................................................204
Searching with the locate Command............................................................................................204
Searching with the find Command...............................................................................................206
Searching with the GNOME Search Tool....................................................................................208
Text Searches...............................................................................................................................208
Navigating the File System.................................................................................................................210
Managing Drives and Partitions..........................................................................................................215
Mounting Drives...........................................................................................................................216
Partitions.......................................................................................................................................218
Adding a New Hard Disk.............................................................................................................222
File System Maintenance....................................................................................................................224
Precautions...................................................................................................................................224
Running fsck.................................................................................................................................225
Tuning the File System.................................................................................................................225
Summary.............................................................................................................................................226
Chapter 8: Managing Your User Accounts.................................................................................................227
Overview.............................................................................................................................................227
The Purpose of Different User Accounts............................................................................................228
Superusers and Normal Users......................................................................................................228
The Red Hat User Manager................................................................................................................229
How Linux Stores User Account Information....................................................................................234
User Accounts and their Properties (the /etc/passwd File...........................................................235
User Account Passwords (the /etc/shadow File)..........................................................................237
Groups (the /etc/group File).........................................................................................................239
Advanced User Account Management...............................................................................................240
Some Useful Command Line Tools.............................................................................................240
Adding Users at the Command Line............................................................................................241
Modifying One's Own User Account...........................................................................................244
Deleting User Accounts................................................................................................................248
Advanced Group Management...........................................................................................................248
Users, Groups, and File System Permissions.....................................................................................250
First Scenario: Private Files.........................................................................................................251
Second Scenario: Public Read−only Files...................................................................................251
Third Scenario: Restricted Read−Only........................................................................................252
Fourth Scenario: Restricted Write................................................................................................253
Fifth Scenario: Restricted Write, Public Read.............................................................................255
Sixth Scenario: Restricted Write, Restricted Read.......................................................................255
When root Is Not Necessary...............................................................................................................256
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