Eurocode 5 Part 2 - 1995 - 2004 - Design of timber structures - Bridges.pdf - Eurocode 0-9 English - Szycha20

EUROPEAN STANDARD

FINAL DRAFT

prEN 1995-2

NORME EUROPÉENNE

EUROPÄISCHE NORM

April 2004

ICS 91.010.30; 91.080.20; 93.040

Will supersede ENV 1995-2:1997

English version

Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures - Part 2: Bridges

Eurocode 5: Conception et calcul des structures bois -

Partie 2: Ponts

Eurocode 5: Entwurf, Berechnung und Bemessung von

Holzbauten - Teil 2: Brücken

This draft European Standard is submitted to CEN members for formal vote. It has been drawn up by the Technical Committee CEN/TC

250.

If this draft becomes a European Standard, CEN members are bound to comply with the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations which

stipulate the conditions for giving this European Standard the status of a national standard without any alteration.

This draft European Standard was established by CEN in three official versions (English, French, German). A version in any other language

made by translation under the responsibility of a CEN member into its own language and notified to the Management Centre has the same

status as the official versions.

CEN members are the national standards bodies of Austria, Belgium, Cyprus, Czech Republic, Denmark, Estonia, Finland, France,

Germany, Greece, Hungary, Iceland, Ireland, Italy, Latvia, Lithuania, Luxembourg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Poland, Portugal, Slovakia,

Slovenia, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and United Kingdom.

Warning : This document is not a European Standard. It is distributed for review and comments. It is subject to change without notice and

shall not be referred to as a European Standard.

EUROPEAN COMMITTEE FOR STANDARDIZATION

COMITÉ EUROPÉEN DE NORMALISATION

EUROPÄISCHES KOMITEE FÜR NORMUNG

Management Centre: rue de Stassart, 36 B-1050 Brussels

worldwide for CEN national Members.

Ref. No. prEN 1995-2:2004: E

prEN 1995-2:2004 (E)

Contents

Foreword

Section 1 General

1.1 Scope

1.1.1 Scope of Eurocode 5

1.1.2 Scope of EN 1995-2

1.2 Normative references

1.3 Assumptions

1.4 Distinction between principles and application rules

1.5 Definitions

1.6 Symbols used in EN 1995-2

Section 2 Basis of design

2.1 Basic requirements

2.2 Principles of limit state design

2.3 Basic variables

2.3.1 Actions and environmental influences

2.4 Verification by the partial factor method

2.4.1 Design value of material property

Section 3 Material properties

Section 4 Durability

4.1 Timber

4.2 Resistance to corrosion

4.3 Protection of timber decks from water by sealing

Section 5 Basis of structural analysis

5.1 Laminated deck plates

5.1.1 General

5.1.2 Concentrated vertical loads

5.1.3 Simplified analysis

5.2 Composite members

5.3 Timber-concrete composite members

Section 6 Ultimate limit states

6.1 Deck plates

6.1.1 System strength

6.1.2 Stress-laminated deck plates

6.2 Fatigue

Section 7 Serviceability limit states

7.1 General

7.2 Limiting values for deflections

7.3 Vibrations

7.3.1 Vibrations caused by pedestrians

7.3.2 Vibrations caused by wind

Section 8 Connections

8.1 General

8.2 Timber-concrete connections in composite beams

8.2.1 Laterally loaded dowel-type fasteners

8.2.2 Grooved connections

Section 9 Structural detailing and control

Annex A (informative) Fatigue verification

A.1 General

A.2 Fatigue loading

A.3 Fatigue verification

Annex B (informative) Vibrations caused by pedestrians

B.1 General

B.2 Vertical Vibrations

B.3 Horizontal Vibrations

prEN 1995-2:2004 (E)

Foreword

This document has been prepared by Technical Committee CEN/TC250 ÐStructural EurocodesÑ,

the Secretariat of which is held by BSI.

This standard shall be given the status of a national standard, either by publication of an

identical text or by endorsement, at the latest by [month year], and conflicting national standards

shall be withdrawn at the latest by [month year].

This European Standard supersedes ENV 1995-2:1997.

CEN/TC250 is responsible for all Structural Eurocodes.

According to the CEN/CENELEC Internal Regulations, the national standards organizations of

the following countries are bound to implement this European Standard: Austria, Belgium,

Czech Republic, Denmark, Finland, France, Germany, Greece, Iceland, Ireland, Italy,

Luxemburg, Malta, Netherlands, Norway, Portugal, Spain, Sweden, Switzerland and the United

Kingdom.

Background of the Eurocode programme

In 1975, the Commission of the European Community decided on an action programme in the

field of construction, based on article 95 of the Treaty. The objective of the programme was the

elimination of technical obstacles to trade and the harmonisation of technical specifications.

Within this action programme, the Commission took the initiative to establish a set of

harmonised technical rules for the design of construction works which, in a first stage, would

serve as an alternative to the national rules in force in the Member States and, ultimately, would

replace them.

For fifteen years, the Commission, with the help of a Steering Committee with Representatives

of Member States, conducted the development of the Eurocodes programme, which led to the

first generation of European codes in the 1980s.

In 1989, the Commission and the Member States of the EU and EFTA decided, on the basis of

an agreement 1 between the Commission and CEN, to transfer the preparation and the

publication of the Eurocodes to CEN through a series of Mandates, in order to provide them

with a future status of European Standard (EN). This links de facto the Eurocodes with the

provisions of all the CouncilÓs Directives and/or CommissionÓs Decisions dealing with European

standards (e.g. the Council Directive 89/106/EEC on construction products Î CPD Î and

Council Directives 93/37/EEC, 92/50/EEC and 89/440/EEC on public works and services and

equivalent EFTA Directives initiated in pursuit of setting up the internal market).

The Structural Eurocode programme comprises the following standards, generally consisting of

a number of Parts:

EN 1990 Eurocode 0: Basis of Structural Design

EN 1991 Eurocode 1: Actions on structures

EN 1992 Eurocode 2: Design of concrete structures

EN 1993 Eurocode 3: Design of steel structures

EN 1994 Eurocode 4: Design of composite steel and concrete structures

EN 1995 Eurocode 5: Design of timber structures

EN 1996 Eurocode 6: Design of masonry structures

EN 1997 Eurocode 7: Geotechnical design

1 Agreement between the Commission of the European Communities and the European Committee for

Standardisation (CEN) concerning the work on EUROCODES for the design of building and civil

engineering works (BC/CEN/03/89).

prEN 1995-2:2004 (E)

EN 1998 Eurocode 8: Design of structures for earthquake resistance

EN 1999 Eurocode 9: Design of aluminium structures

Eurocode standards recognise the responsibility of regulatory authorities in each Member State

and have safeguarded their right to determine values related to regulatory safety matters at

national level where these continue to vary from State to State.

Status and field of application of Eurocodes

The Member States of the EU and EFTA recognise that Eurocodes serve as reference

documents for the following purposes:

Î as a means to prove compliance of building and civil engineering works with the essential

requirements of Council Directive 89/106/EEC, particularly Essential Requirement N 1 Î

Mechanical resistance and stability Î and Essential Requirement N 2 Î Safety in case of fire;

Î as a basis for specifying contracts for construction works and related engineering services ;

Î as a framework for drawing up harmonised technical specifications for construction products

(ENs and ETAs)

The Eurocodes, as far as they concern the construction works themselves, have a direct

relationship with the Interpretative Documents 2 referred to in Article 12 of the CPD, although

they are of a different nature from harmonised product standards 3 . Therefore, technical aspects

arising from the Eurocodes work need to be adequately considered by CEN Technical

Committees and/or EOTA Working Groups working on product standards with a view to

achieving full compatibility of these technical specifications with the Eurocodes.

The Eurocode standards provide common structural design rules for everyday use for the

design of whole structures and component products of both a traditional and an innovative

nature. Unusual forms of construction or design conditions are not specifically covered and

additional expert consideration will be required by the designer in such cases.

National Standards implementing Eurocodes

The National Standards implementing Eurocodes will comprise the full text of the Eurocode

(including any annexes), as published by CEN, which may be preceded by a National title page

and National foreword, and may be followed by a National annex.

The National annex may only contain information on those parameters which are left open in

the Eurocode for national choice, known as Nationally Determined Parameters, to be used for

the design of buildings and civil engineering works to be constructed in the country concerned,

i.e.:

Î values and/or classes where alternatives are given in the Eurocode;

Î values to be used where a symbol only is given in the Eurocode;

Î country specific data (geographical, climatic, etc.), e.g. snow map;

Î the procedure to be used where alternative procedures are given in the Eurocode;

2 According to Art. 3.3 of the CPD, the essential requirements (ERs) shall be given concrete form in

interpretative documents for the creation of the necessary links between the essential requirements and

the mandates for harmonised ENs and ETAGs/ETAs.

3 According to Art. 12 of the CPD the interpretative documents shall :

give concrete form to the essential requirements by harmonising the terminology and the

technical bases and indicating classes or levels for each requirement where necessary ;

indicate methods of correlating these classes or levels of requirement with the technical

specifications, e.g. methods of calculation and of proof, technical rules for project design, etc. ;

serve as a reference for the establishment of harmonised standards and guidelines for

European technical approvals.

The Eurocodes, de facto , play a similar role in the field of the ER 1 and a part of ER 2.

prEN 1995-2:2004 (E)

Î decisions on the application of informative annexes;

Î references to non-contradictory complementary information to assist the user to apply the

Eurocode.

Links between Eurocodes and harmonised technical specifications (ENs and ETAs) for

products

There is a need for consistency between the harmonised technical specifications for

construction products and the technical rules for works 4 . Furthermore, all the information

accompanying the CE Marking of the construction products which refer to Eurocodes shall

clearly mention which Nationally Determined Parameters have been taken into account.

Additional information specific to EN 1995-2

EN 1995 describes the Principles and requirements for safety, serviceability and durability of

timber bridges. It is based on the limit state concept used in conjunction with a partial factor

method.

For the design of new structures, EN 1995-2 is intended to be used, for direct application,

together with EN 1995-1-1 and EN1990:2002 and relevant Parts of EN 1991.

Numerical values for partial factors and other reliability parameters are recommended as basic

values that provide an acceptable level of reliability. They have been selected assuming that an

appropriate level of workmanship and of quality management applies. When EN 1995-2 is used

as a base document by other CEN/TCs the same values need to be taken.

National annex for EN 1995-2

This standard gives alternative procedures, values and recommendations with notes indicating

where national choices may have to be made. Therefore the National Standard implementing

EN 1995-2 should have a National annex containing all Nationally Determined Parameters to be

used for the design of bridges to be constructed in the relevant country.

National choice is allowed in EN 1995-2 through clauses:

2.3.1.2(1) Load-durationassignment

2.4.1

Partial factors for material properties

7.2

Limiting values for deflection

7.3.1(2)

Damping ratios

4 see Art.3.3 and Art.12 of the CPD, as well as clauses 4.2 , 4.3.1, 4.3.2 and 5.2 of ID 1.

Eurocode 5 Part 2 - 1995 - 2004 - Design of timber structures - Bridges.pdf

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